Problem posing and metacognitive activities in teaching-learning materials can be incorporated in student-centred teaching methods. In the other word , these tasks involve learners in specific learning process by shifting of responsibility generating new problem and reformulating given problem from teachers to students through "Inquiry -based -learning " environment. In this respect, teachers as facilitators of learning must be able to create tasks with suitable situations which engage their students in problem posing activities and improve them in this challenge via the scaffolding such as metacognitive approaches. Therefore, this paper discusses some initial findings of our research related to classification of problem posing and metacognitive activities. These effectiveness instructions may encourage educators for embedding pupils in problem posing and metacognition activities during classroom interactions.

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AbstTuct In this paper, by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique a rnethod is proposed 1.o find ethcient solutions of O-1 Multiple Objective Linear Programming (MOLP) problem. In this method from a feasible solution of e-1 MOLP problem, a Decision Making Unit (DMU) without input vector is constructed in which output vector for DMU is the values of object,ive functions. The method consists of a twestage algorithm, In the first stage, some eMcient solutions are generated. In the second stage, the DMIJs corresponding to the generated eMcient solutions ii! the first stage together with the generated DMUs in t･he previous it･erations are evaluated by using the additive model without input,

In this paper, we present a method for ranking decision making units(DMUs) with interval data in data envelopment analysis. In this method we introduce two efficiency and inefficiency production possibility sets(PPSs),and, using chebychev norm, we measure the distance of each DMU from the frontier of these two PPSs, namely, efficiency and inefficiency frontiers, respectively. Then we rank the DMUs based on their distances from both efficient and inefficient frontiers. Available bank branch data is used to illustrate the applicability of this new approach. Mathematics Subject Classification: 90

Selection and negotiation of purchasing bids is a complex decision making process that requires consideration of a variety of vendor attributes such as price, delivery performance, and quality. Several decision models have been utilized for vendor evaluation and selection. Talluri [EUR. J. Operat. Res. 143(1) ( 2002) 171] and Zhu [EUR. J. Operat. Res. 154( 2004) 150] propose a buyer -seller game model that evaluate the efficiency of alternative bids with respect to the ideal target set by the buyer. We prove some theorem in the current paper about this model. The bids cannot be easily evaluated and selected, while inputs and outputs each vary in interval. In this paper, presenting a new idea for evaluating the bids with interval data, an interval will be defined for the efficiency score of each bid. And finally, a method for selecting bids by the obtained efficiency interval is presented. And, the new technique will be applied to a set of real data.