The purpose of this study was to identify the possibility of using a micronucleus test to assess the impact of harmful chemicals on the condition of periodontal tissues of employees of a mining and processing plant. Material and methods. Dental examination was conducted for 40 employees of the mining and processing plant, exposed to harmful substances with an experience of more than 10 years, 36 employees of the plant with a contact time of not more than 10 years, and 46 people with a healthy periodontium. The analysis of buccal epithelial cells for the presence of chromosomal aberrations using the micronucleus test. Results. The prevalence of inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues in the groups of workers of the plant was 100%. A statistically significant difference was found in the frequency of cells with micronuclei and protrusions of the nucleus in the group of internship workers compared with other groups (p = 0.001). The frequency of cells with two nuclei in the workers of the plant in the groups was at the same level and significantly exceeded the value of the index for a group of people with a healthy periodontium (p = 0.002 and p = 0.006). The frequency of occurrence of cells with vacuolization of the nucleus in a group of workers with an experience of more than 10 years more than doubles that of a group of individuals with a healthy periodontium (p = 0.009). Conclusion. Occupational factors have a significant impact on the development and course of inflammatory periodontal diseases in mining and processing complex employees. Studies using the micronuclear test indicate a negative impact of a complex of harmful substances on the development and course of inflammatory periodontal diseases.

At the present stage of development of society, the issues of preserving and strengthening the most important productive force that determine the economic development and national security of the country remain relevant. Metallurgy is one of the basic industries in Russia, which forms up to 20% of GDP. This study assesses the condition of the oral mucosa in workers in the industry. To evaluate the formation of micronuclei in buccal cells as an early biomarker of health disorders as a result of occupational exposure to production factors of a metallurgical plant. Hygienic and clinical laboratory tests were carried out for workers of the metallurgical plant of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Cytological studies of the buccal epithelium were performed. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the applied programs IBM, SPSS, Statistics, Microsoft Excel. The general assessment of working conditions in accordance with the criteria of R.2.2.2006-05 for workers of the metallurgical plant was established as 3.2-3.3. Analysis of the buccal epithelium revealed the occurrence of cells with cytogenetic disorders in the workers of the main group. Cells with atypical nuclei were identified in workers with a duration of contact with unfavorable factors of production for more than ten years. Signs of nuclear destruction were revealed, characterizing an increase in apoptotic activity in workers with prolonged contact times. Studies have shown that with more than 10 years of work experience, proliferation processes prevail over differentiation processes. The results obtained can be used as diagnostic methods that expand the prospects for identifying pre-pathological and pathological conditions.

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Ульяновская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия им. П.А. Столыпина, Ульяновская область, Россия Резюме. В статье подтверждается факт образования бактериальных биопленок у штаммов бактерий вида Klebsiella oxytoca и Klebsiella pneumoniae при росте в жидких средах под действием негативного фактора (химического)-дезинфицирующего кислородосодержащего средства. Биопленки, как сообщества микроорганизмов, вызывают многие хронические инфекции (менингит, воспалительные заболевания полости рта, урогенитальные инфекции) и создают проблемы в промышленности (обрастания различного технологического оборудования, корпусов судов, нефтяных платформ, биокоррозия металлических изделий). Обычные дезинфицирующие средства, такие как хлор и хлорит натрия, не могут удалить биопленку, поэтому поиск эффективного средства борьбы с ними является достаточно актуальным направлением. Различные бактерицидные средства малоэффективны в борьбе с биопленками, так как бактерии вырабатывают большое количество полисахаридов-веществ, помогающих колонии не распадаться. Слой полисахаридов служит барьером для веществ, находящихся в воде, в том числе и для биоцидов. Это и является основной причиной выживания микроорганизмов даже в условиях сильного хлорирования воды. При проведении исследований учитывались последние данные по проблеме, а именно работы о негативном воздействии кислорода на рост бактериальных клеток и его направляющем действии в качестве фактора образования биопленок. Влияющим фактором выступил дезинфектант последнего поколения. Рабочие концентрации были представлены в трех вариантах. Число изучаемых штаммов-6 (по 3 штамма каждого вида). Все штаммы получены из музея кафедры МВЭиВСЭ Ульяновской ГСХА им. П.А. Столыпина. В процессе исследования нами был подтвержден феномен образования биопленочного сообщества, отмечены различия образования биопленки в зависимости от интенсивности (в данном случае концентрации) провоцирующего фактора и вида бактерии. В естественных условиях биопленка легко разрушалась механическим воздействием (встряхивание пробирки со средой). Восстановления биопленки после данной манипуляции не наблюдалось. Результаты дальнейшего исследования на плотной среде (мясо-пептонном агаре) и последующая окраска мазков простым красителем (по Граму) факта гибели бактериальных клеток не подтвердили. Во всех случаях наблюдался бактериальный рост, характерный для данных видов бактерий. Исследования проводились в 2015 г. на базе Научно-исследовательского инновационного центра по микробиологии и биотехнологии (г. Ульяновск) и при финансовой поддержке Фонда содействия развитию малых форм предприятий в научно-технической сфере.

Aim. To ground the personified approaches when organizing risk-oriented medical observation of animal breeding workers. Materials and methods. The total capillary blood analysis with calculation of percentage of peripheral blood cellular composition was carried out, allergization index (AI) and immunoreactivity index (IRI) was assessed, the total number of microorganisms per 1 m3 of the air in the working zone was determined, the total microbial count (TMC) was calculated. Results. The standard periodic medical examination of workers is sufficient with TMC value less than 500 CFU/m3, absence of chronic infectious inflammatory diseases (CIID), AI value less than 1.08 standard units, IRI value less than 13 standard units. When having a mean level of microbiological risk, CIID detection ranging from 1 to 3, AI value less than 1.08 and IRI value less than13 standard units, it is recommended to add a survey to the previous stage, using special questionnaire (attitude to work, working conditions, fatigability degree, susceptibility to allergy etc.). When having TMC value more than 2500 CFU/m3, CIID detection from 4 to 5, AI value 1.08–1.3 standard units, IRI value 13.1–15.7 standard units, an additional study of the upper airways microflora as well as immune status using tests of the first level should be realized; further recommendations on treatment-and-preventive measures in outpatient conditions should be given; with TMC value more than 5000 CFU/m3, presence of CIID – 6 and more, AI value 1.4–1.5 standard units, IRI value 15.8–18.3 standard units, it is recommended to perform immunological studies using tests of the second level with determination of susceptibility to antimicrobial preparations in hospital conditions of Occupational Pathology Center. Conclusions. The method of personified risk-oriented medical observation of persons, working in animal breeding is offered.