The solid and liquid waste management of tanneries has become a serious problem in the leather industry. In this study, we have attempted and succeeded in eliminating these pollutants by a novel method that has not been done anywhere so far. Keratin hydrolysate (KH) from poultry feathers has been utilized along with chrome shavings (CS) for total elimination of the polluting solid and liquid wastes in a tannery. In this process, 100% fixation of the Cr from the chrome exhaust liquor and the dye from the dye exhaust liquor is achieved by the reactions of CS with KH. The infrared spectra of the different stages of CS confirm the fixation of Cr in the chrome shavings−keratin hydrolysate (CSKH) complex. In this work, apart from elimination of tannery pollutants, a leather-like flexible sheet is obtained that can be used in the footwear and leather goods industry. In the scanning electrom microscopy evaluation, the surface morphology of the product exhibits smoothness because of the incorporation of poly(vinyl alcohol) and ethylene glycol. The above findings will open new avenues for further research in solid and liquid waste management of tannery effluents.

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Click chemistry approaches are tailored to generate molecular building blocks quickly and reliably by joining small units together selectively and covalently, stably and irreversibly. The vegetable tannins such as hydrolyzable and condensed tannins are capable to produce rather stable radicals or inhibit the progress of radicals and are prone to oxidations such as photo and auto-oxidation, and their anti-oxidant nature is well known. A lot remains to be done to understand the extent of the variation of leather stability, color variation (lightening and darkening reaction of leather), and poor resistance to water uptake for prolonged periods. In the present study, we have reported click chemistry approaches to accelerated vegetable tanning processes based on periodates catalyzed formation of oxidized hydrolysable and condensed tannins for high exhaustion with improved properties. The distribution of oxidized vegetable tannin, the thermal stability such as shrinkage temperature (T s) and denaturation temperature (T d), resistance to collagenolytic activities, and organoleptic properties of tanned leather as well as the evaluations of eco-friendly characteristics were investigated. Scanning electron microscopic analysis indicates the cross section of tightness of the leather. Differential scanning calorimetric analysis shows that the T d of leather is more than that of vegetable tanned or equal to aldehyde tanned one. The leathers exhibited fullness, softness, good color, and general appearance when compared to non-oxidized vegetable tannin. The developed process benefits from significant reduction in total solids and better biodegradability in the effluent, compared to non-oxidized vegetable tannins.

ABSTRACT. Tanneries generate huge quantities of solid wastes as fleshings. If these bio-waste materials are not utilized properly they are potential source of pollution. So in the present study it has been tried to convert these hide fleshings into NPK fertilizer. During the process of manufacture of NPK fertilizer, phosphorous and potassium were incorporated by suitable chemical reaction under desired conditions of temperature and pressure. The resultant liquid product was converted into pellet form and field tested on horticulture plants (Balsam Plant -Impatiens balsamina). KEY WORDS: animal fleshings, fertilizers, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. STUDIU ASUPRA UNUI FERTILIZATOR PENTRU CREŞTEREA PLANTELOR DIN DEŞEURI PROTEICE DIN INDUSTRIA DE PIELĂRIEREZUMAT. Tăbăcăriile generează cantităţi uriaşe de deşeuri solide sub formă de şeruitură. Dacă aceste deşeuri organice nu sunt utilizate în mod corespunzător, devin o sursă potenţială de poluare. Aşadar, în studiul de faţă s-a încercat transformarea acestei şeruituri în fertilizator NPK. La fabricarea fertilizatorului NPK, s-au încorporat fosfor şi potasiu prin reacţie chimică corespunzătoare în condiţiile dorite de temperatură şi presiune. Produsul lichid obţinut a fost prelucrat sub formă de granule şi s-a testat pe plante horticole (balsamină -Impatiens balsamina). CUVINTE CHEIE: şeruitură de origine animală, fertilizator, azot, fosfor, potasiu. ÉTUDE SUR UN ENGRAIS POUR LA CROISSANCE DES PLANTES À PARTIR DE DÉCHETS PROTÉINES DE L'INDUSTRIE DE CUIRRÉSUMÉ. Les tanneries génèrent énormes quantités de déchets solides en tant que déchets d'écharnage. Si ces déchets organiques ne sont pas utilisés correctement, ils sont une source potentielle de pollution. Ainsi, dans la présente étude, on a essayé de convertir ces déchets d'écharnage en engrais NPK. Au cours de la fabrication de l'engrais NPK, le phosphore et le potassium ont été incorporés par une réaction chimique appropriée dans les conditions souhaitées de température et de pression. Le produit liquide résultant a été converti en forme de pastille et testé sur des plantes horticoles (la balsamine -Impatiens balsamina).