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Stress fracture in female Army recruits was not correlated with bone density or calcium intake during adolescence, although a weak relationship to prior physical activity was observed.

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1. Lipogenesis has been studied in intact genetically obese mice by measuring the incorporation of a single oral dose of 250mg. of [U-(14)C]glucose into fatty acid and cholesterol in the liver and extrahepatic tissues. Studies were also carried out with [U-(14)C]glucose added to the diet and fed for 24hr. With either method of isotope administration, the conversion of [U-(14)C]glucose into fatty acid was greatly elevated in the livers of the obese mice. In contrast, conversion of the single dose of [(14)C]glucose into fatty acid in extrahepatic tissues of obese mice was only half that occurring in the non-obese litter mates. When [(14)C]glucose was given in the diet for 24hr. the total accumulation of labelled fatty acid in extrahepatic tissues of obese mice was slightly less than in the non-obese. Uptake of labelled glucose and conversion into fatty acid in adipose tissue of the obese mice decreased with age. 2. Conversion of the single dose of [(14)C]glucose into liver cholesterol was comparable in obese and non-obese mice fed on a purified low-fat diet. However, obese mice given this diet for 12 weeks accumulated 1.54% of cholesterol in the liver compared with 0.29% in the non-obese litter mates. This accumulation apparently resulted from a decrease in removal of cholesterol from the liver, rather than an increased synthesis. 3. Conversion of the single dose of [(14)C]glucose into extrahepatic fatty acid was decreased by 18hr. starvation proportionally as much in obese as in non-obese mice. The decrease in liver fatty acid synthesis caused by starvation also was considerable in obese mice, although somewhat less marked than in the non-obese. 4. The metabolic derangements in the liver could be more fundamental to the development of the obesity than the changes seen in extrahepatic tissues.

Extrusion variables including moisture (15 and 2.5%), temperature (50°, 125° and 200°C) and screw speed (50, 125 and 200 rpm) of two low tannin sorghum varieties extruded with 0, 2 and 4% calcium hydroxide were studied. Protein digestibility was determined by in vitro pepsin assay. Extrusion improved digestibility from 45.9 to 74.6% and 43.9 to 68.2% for the two varieties, respectively. Temperature was the key extrusion variable that influenced digestibility. Screw speed and moisture did not have significant effects. Alteration of pH before extrusion further improved digestibility.