Context: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral respiratory illness which was first detected in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. A few case studies demonstrated that 14–53% of the cases of COVID-19 reported abnormal levels of liver enzymes during disease progression. Patients with severe COVID-19 seem to have higher rates of hepatic dysfunction. Aims: Our aim was to investigate the changes in the liver function test in COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital and its association with the severity of the disease, length of hospital stay, and outcome of patients. Settings and Design: This was a cross-sectional study involving 678 COVID-19 patients, who were admitted at AIIMS, Bhopal. Methods and Material: The case records of 678 patients were evaluated by the research team from the Department of Medicine, AIIMS, Bhopal, and data were analyzed. All laboratory data were obtained. The liver function tests (LFT) including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total bilirubin values were recorded, and liver dysfunction defined as any parameter having more than the upper limit of normal value. Results: From April 2020 to September 2020, a total of 678 COVID-19 patients were screened, and 600 were assessed for eligibility; 78 were excluded due to either significant alcohol history or due to prior liver disease. Among the 600 patients, 265 patients (44.16%) had liver dysfunction while 335 patients (55.83%) had a normal liver function. The patients having a severe disease were more affected by liver dysfunction than the mild disease patients. The average hospital stay was more in those patients having liver dysfunction than in those patients with normal liver function. Among the patients with normal LFT on admission, 97.9% got cured while 2.1% died. Among the patients with liver dysfunction, 80.4% got cured and 19.6% died. Conclusions: Hepatic injury is common in severe COVID-19 patients, which may be caused by direct injury to the bile duct cells by a virus or indirectly by a cytokine storm. The liver function should be evaluated in all symptomatic COVID-19 patients. In patients with pre-existing liver diseases, special attention should be paid to monitoring and treatment.

: Introduction: Steroids have theoretically seems useful in critically ill patients of COVID-19 . However the time of starting steroid and dose remains a matter of concern due to still emerging evidences and wide-ranging concerns of benefits and harms. We did a retrospective record analysis in an apex teaching hospital ICU setting to explore this concern. Methodology: 45 adults age more than 18 years with nasopharyngeal swab PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection with ARDS admitted to ICU in between 20th March,2020 to 15th July 2020 were included in chart review. We did a bivariate analysis of age ,comorbidity, infections, severity of disease , timing /dose(appropriate) steroid and presence of infection on survival. In the next step we performed a Bayesian Exact regression to understand the adjusted effect of early appropriate steroid on survival in the presence of age and infections as probable confounder. Results: Bivariate analysis showed the statistically significant effect of age <60 years and steroid dose (early and classified by disease severity) had a favourable effect on outcome. Further Early Pulse Steroid (EPS ) amongst the more severe subgroup was found to be significantly associated with better survival. Conclusion: High dose steroids (more than 500 mg MPS) if given early in the course of disease to COVID19 critically ill patients (P/F<150) can significantly reduce mortality and are not associated with increased infections.

Context: The pathological progression in severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) includes an excessive and unregulated pro-inflammatory cytokine storm. Though the efficacy of corticosteroids like methylprednisolone (MPS) in severe COVID-19 is proven now, its dose and duration are not precise. Aims: Our study aimed to compare the effect of a standard dose (SD) of MPS (60–120 mg/day) to a high dose (HD) of MPS (>120 mg/day) on the outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Settings and Design: This study was a cross-sectional study. Patients admitted to AIIMS, Bhopal’s intensive care unit (ICU) from July 2020 to March 2021 were enrolled in the study. Methods and Material: The patient’s medical records were extracted from the medical record section of the hospital. The primary endpoint was the all-cause mortality during the hospital stay. The secondary endpoints were the need for mechanical ventilation, the use of vasopressors, the occurrence of acute kidney injury (AKI), and secondary infections. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were entered in the MS Excel spreadsheet and coded appropriately. Results: Our data showed that survival, the need for mechanical ventilation, the occurrence of AKI, and secondary bacterial infection are comparable among the two groups with no significant difference. The logistic regression analysis showed that there is a slightly higher risk of death for patients with an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) receiving HD of corticosteroids compared to SD, though these results were found to be statistically non-significant. Conclusions: In hospitalized patients suffering from severe COVID-19 pneumonia, an SD of MPS is as effective as an HD of MPS in terms of reduction in mortality and need for mechanical ventilation.

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