We present the first observation of Bloch surface waves in the mid-infrared spectral range. Bloch surface waves are electromagnetic states that can propagate at the interface between a continuous dielectric medium and a periodic stack of materials. We designed a mid-infrared multilayer optical element specifically for this purpose. The structure is made of successive layers of ZnSe and YbF 3 deposited on a CaF 2 substrate. Surface waves can be coupled into this structure from 6.6 to 10.6 μm. We characterized the optical properties of the fabricated element using a tunable quantum cascade laser centered around 7.85 μm. We believe that Bloch surface wave based platforms are very promising components for surface sensing and spectroscopic applications in the mid-infrared.

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A miniaturized, trace level sensor for cocaine is presented. A quantum cascade laser emitting at 1720 cm-1 is coupled to a fibred absorption flow-cell. A detection limit lower than 250 ng/mL (84 ppb) is reported.

Artificial Organs 12(1):78-88, Raven Press, Ltd., New York 0 1988 International Society for Artificial Organs Thoughts and ProgressIt is the goal of this section to publish material that provides information regarding specific issues, aspects of artificial organ application, approach, philosophy, suggestions, andfor thoughts for the future.Abstract: The work presented in this article examines the relationship between the efficacy of the design (rnembrane consumption) and the design parameters for plasma separation modules. A computer simulation program for the design of hollow fiber modules was developed. It is based on a formula for filtrate flux prediction by Jaffrin. The limiting conditions set by red and white blood cell lysis are also taken into account. The results show that membrane area consumption is strictly related to the internal hollow fiber diameter. Low-efficiency devices (low infiltrate flux) can be designed nearly optimally, using 330-pm fibers. On the other hand, for highefficiency devices, our model predicts lowest membrane consumption and, therefore, lowest costs using 220-pm fiber diameter. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that shear rates in commercially available plasma filters are too low.