Esthesioneuroblastomas (ENBs) are undifferentiated tumours of neuroectodermal origin derived from the olfactory epithelium. Inconsistent histologic presentations can lead to the controversy regarding the exact histologic origin of ENBs, and this ambiguity can confound clinical and prognostic decisions. These tumours often display varying biologic activity ranging from indolent growth, with patient survival exceeding 20 years, to a highly aggressive neoplasm capable of rapid widespread metastasis, with survival limited to a few months. Due to the rare and complex nature of ENB, multiple opinions exist regarding the etiology, optimal staging system and treatment modalities. We have come across a case of Esthesioneuroblastoma, presenting as recurrent nasal mass with bleeding in a 50 yr old male. Histological presentation was unusual but the diagnosis was confirmed by Immunohistochemistry.

Background: Wide spectrums of nonneoplastic and neoplastic lesions are observed in urinary bladder. Correlation between clinical findings and histopathological features is essential in arriving at a correct diagnosis. This study is undertaken to analyse the pattern of lesions in cystoscopic bladder biopsies. Methods: This retrospective study consists of 70 cases of cystoscopic bladder biopsies carried out in the department of pathology. Clinical details of the patients were retrieved from the file. Specimens were processed routinely and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results: Three specimens out of 70 biopsies were inadequate for reporting. Of the remaining 67 cases, 38 were (56.7%) neoplastic and 29 (43.3%) were nonneoplastic lesions. The majority of the cases were seen in the age group of 41-50 yrs (29.9%) with a male predominance (73.1%). Urothelial tumours (94.7%) were the predominant lesions observed under neoplastic category, of which invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma (80.6%) was the most common subtype. Among nonneoplastic lesions, chronic nonspecific cystitis (51.7%) was the commonest lesion noted Conclusion: There are wide ranges of lesions exist in the bladder. Urothelial tumours were the predominant lesions seen in cystoscopic biopsies followed by cystitis. Accurate diagnosis and early intervention is the key for better treatment outcome.

Gastrointestinal amyloidosis (GIA), a protein deposition disorder, has numerous etiologies and manifestations and poses a significant diagnostic and treatment challenge. GIA is either acquired or genetic, and it is most commonly caused by chronic inflammatory disorders (AA amyloidosis), hematologic malignancy (AL amyloidosis), and end-stage renal disease (Beta-2 amyloidosis). In AL amyloidosis, the amyloid forming protein is derived from the light chain component of a protein in the blood called monoclonal immunoglobulin. These light chains are produced by abnormal cells (known as plasma or B cells) found in the bone marrow. AL amyloidosis can be caused by abnormal light chains produced by lymphomas or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia(CLL) in rare cases. Hodgkin lymphoma has been found to be associated with systemic amyloidosis and particularly with renal amyloidosis with an incidence of less than 1%.Here we report a rare case of a 61-year old female patient who was previously diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma and underwent chemotherapy, now presented with anemia, dypnoea and was found to have a non healing ulcer in the body of the stomach. Histopathological examination revealed gastric amyloidosis which was confirmed with Congo red stain and apple green birefringence under polarized light.