In this article, the set of boundary conditions is defined for first and boundary value problems for the second approximation of Boltzmann’s system of one-dimensional nonlinear moment equations and their logic. For the second approximation of Boltzmann’s one-dimensional non-stationary nonlinear moment equations, which satisfies the Maxwell-Auzhan boundary condition, the theorem for the first boundary problem is considered and by proving this theorem, it is proved that there are only solutions to the given problems. It is known that in many problems of gas dynamics there is no need to describe the complete state of the gas by the function of microscopic distribution of molecules. Therefore, it is better to look for an easier way to describe the gas using macroscopic gas – dynamic variables (density, hydrodynamic average velocity, temperature) are determined in this rotations by the moments of the microscopic distribution function of the molecules, the author faced with the problem of analyzing the different moments of the Boltzmann equation. By studying the moment equations, the author obtained some information about the function of the microscopic distribution of molecules and the convergence of the moment method.