A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.For more information, please contact eprints@nottingham.ac.uk Here we used a combination of chlorophyll fluorescence, gas exchange and gene expression 21 analysis, to aid our understanding of the basis of the physiological responses of wheat 22 seedlings under drought conditions to sedaxane, a novel SDHI seed treatment. We show that 23 sedaxane increased the efficiency of PSII photochemistry, reduced non-photochemical 24 quenching and improved the photosynthesis and biomass in wheat correlating with systemic 25 changes in the expression of genes involved in defense, chlorophyll synthesis and cell wall 26 modification. We applied a coexpression network-based approach using differentially 27 expressed genes of leaves, roots and pregerminated seeds from our wheat array datasets to 28 identify the most important hub genes, with top ranked correlation (higher gene association 29 value and z-score) involved in cell wall expansion and strengthening, wax and pigment 30 biosynthesis and defense. The results indicate that sedaxane confers tolerant responses of 31 wheat plants grown under drought conditions by redirecting metabolites from defense/stress 32 responses towards growth and adaptive development. 33 34

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The prevalence of Rhizoctonia spp. in European soils was determined by analysing soil samples from 282 locations. Rhizoctonia spp. were found in 68% of these samples from France, Germany, the UK, Poland, Italy, Spain, Hungary and the Czech Republic. Samples from 136 locations were further analysed by pyrosequencing. Seventy-six percent of the isolates were Rhizoctonia solani and 24% binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group (AG) 5 was detected most frequently (25%), followed by AG 9 (16%) and AG 4 (13%). For the binucleate Rhizoctonia spp., AG E was most prevalent (13%). Rhizoctonia cerealis was not detected in soil samples. Soil type or cropping history had no effect on the type of Rhizoctonia observed. Rhizoctonia solani AG 5 was the most frequently detected AG irrespective of the previous crop. The spectrum of AGs detected was similar for France, Germany and Poland but was significantly different for the UK (P = 0Á0016). Finally, the baseline sensitivity towards sedaxane, a new active ingredient for seed treatment, was analysed for all isolates. The results indicate a low baseline sensitivity (average EC 50 of 0Á028 p.p.m.) for all Rhizoctonia AGs. No difference in sensitivity was observed with the isolates obtained from different countries.