The development of open source 3D printers and the continuously growing utilization of ceramic compounds in the field of medicine among others, meet in the possibility to adapt these machines in a way to permit better controlling, high resolution, automatic, printing of scaffolds, spacers and other 3D parts not possible without this kind of machines and technology. Due to the large number of applications inside the field of medicine it is required a high capacity to create structures that can reach the needs in each case. Furthermore, the possibility to modify easily and quickly these structures as the tests are being done is also very interesting for investigation. These machines allow, thanks to its open source nature, these features and more as they are not closed to changes in order to meet the needs of its users. Therefore, the focus of the present work has been to materialize and improve a head extruder for Advanced Technical Ceramics Compounds. The tests undertaken and the results outcome demonstrate the feasibility of the technology for being applied in such mentioned cases as well as the improvement on the solutions (initial and improvements) for producing automatic casting.

Three-dimensional printed drug development is nowadays an active area in the pharmaceutical industry, where the search for an appropriate edible carrier that permits the thermal processing of the mixture at temperature levels that are safe for the drug is an important field of study. Here, potato starch and hydroxypropyl cellulose based mixtures loaded with paracetamol up to 50% in weight were processed by hot melt extrusion at 85 °C to test their suitability to be thermally processed. The extruded mixtures were tested by liquid chromatography to analyze their release curves and were thermally characterized. The drug recovery was observed to be highly dependent on the initial moisture level of the mixture, the samples being prepared with an addition of water at a ratio of 3% in weight proportional to the starch amount, highly soluble and easy to extrude. The release curves showed a slow and steady drug liberation compared to a commercially available paracetamol tablet, reaching the 100% of recovery at 60 min. The samples aged for 6 weeks showed slower drug release curves compared to fresh samples, this effect being attributable to the loss of moisture. The paracetamol loaded mixture in powder form was used to print pills with different sizes and geometries in a fused deposition modelling three-dimensional printer modified with a commercially available powder extrusion head, showing the potential of this formulation for use in personalized medicine.