Goal. Conduct phytopathological monitoring of tomato plantings in greenhouses, study the dynamics of the spread and development of diseases. Methods. The studies were carried out according to the methods generally accepted in phytopathology, the results of the studies were processed statistically. Results. It was found that for 2002—2019. Research throughout the growing season (from the emergence of seedlings to the end of the growing season), tomatoes in greenhouses when grown on different substrates (soils and mineral wool) are largely affected by fungal and bacterial diseases, to a lesser extent by viral diseases. Among the diseases of tomatoes, root and gray rot, fusarium wilting, brown spot prevail, which affect crops within 21.8—86.3% in ground greenhouses and 18.4—61.7% on mineral wool. The intensity of manifestation of bacterial diseases increased, the prevalence of which was 48—63.3% on soils and 51.5—78.5% on mineral wool, with the development of 19.0—27.5% and 25.8—28.3%, respectively. Viral diseases are less common — 7.5—10.5% with the development of 3.9—4.3% for soil mixture and 8.8—13.4% with the development of 4.4—5.8% for mineral wool. Among the nonparasitic diseases, tomato apical rot is dominant. When grown on soils, the infestation of fruits was 18.7%, maximum — 27.5%, and development — 4.3—7.0%. With a low-volume growing technology, the spread reached 16.6—31.1%, while the development was 3.2—4.1%. Conclusions. On planting tomatoes in greenhouses, regardless of the greenhouse substrates, there is a stable complex of fungal, bacterial, viral and nonparasitic diseases, and their harmfulness depends on the cultivation technology. Tomatoes during the growing season are affected not by one type of pathogen, but by their complex. The phytopathological complex of tomatoes in greenhouses is dynamic, which requires constant study and protective measures.
Goal.To analyze the long-term data on the development and application of biological plant protection products in Ukraine. Methods. Microbiological, biochemical, entomological, field, mathematical-statistical, and information-analytical. Results. It is established that in Ukraine for the last 20 years the areas of cultivated agricultural lands treated with biological means of plant protection against pests decreased from 8.5% (2000) to 3.6% (2019), and in 2006 the share of the areas treated with bioresources was the lowest (2.9%). Most biological drugs are used against mouse-like animals, gnawing and leaf-eating moths, stem butterfly and pest complex in vegetable and grain agrocnosis, and in orchards. Scientific developments on the biological method of plant protection are given. An ecologically safe system of protection of vegetable crops of open and closed soil is developed and tested. The search for highly effective strains of microorganisms for the creation and development of new biological preparations is carried out. Methods of step-by-step selection with the determination of productive monoisolates to obtain production strains of entomopathogens have been studied. The deep technology of low-tonnage production of the biological product Trikhodermin-R for the conditions of bio laboratories of Ukraine has been improved. Conclusions. It is established that the cultivated areas treated with biological plant protection products decreased every year and in 2019 amounted to 1.8 million hectares out of 49.8 million hectares of all cultivated areas. The Institute of plant protection of NAAS has developed an environmentally friendly system of protection of vegetable crops in open and closed soil against pests and created a collection of highly active and productive strains of entomopathogens, microorganismsantagonists, predatory nematophage fungi -producers of biological drugs, plant protection products in Ukraine.
Goal. To analyze the phytosanitary state of vegetable agrocenoses of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, to establish the species composition of the dominant pests and to study the natural saturation with beneficial organisms. Methods. The collection of material and entomological observations were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. Variation-statistical analysis was carried out using special software packages for statistics and computer graphics: Microsoft Excel 2010, Statgraphics plus. Results. By monitoring the phytosanitary state of vegetable agrocenosis in open ground, the species composition of the complex of harmful and beneficial organisms has been established. It has been proved that phytophages dominate on the plantings of white cabbage (variety Dymerskaya 7): black cruciferous flea beetle, numbering 8.2—10.8 ind./plant; cabbage spring fly — 9.0—11.6 eggs / plant; hidden proboscis — 2.6—3.1 persons/plant; onion thrips — 2.3—6.1 ind./ plant; cabbage aphid — up to 32 ind./plant and cabbage whitefly, the number of which was 2.5—6.7 ind./pl. The most common in the agrocenoses of white cabbage among lepidoptera were cabbage moth, numbering 2.8—4.3 gus./ plant, cabbage scoop — 1.6—1.9 gus./plant, cabbage and rape whites — 0.6—3.1 gus./ plant. Common spider mites dominated on cucumbers, with a number of 3.6—4.2 specimens/plant. and melon aphids — 14.8—16.6 ind./plant. A complex of entomophages belonging to the families Coccinellidae, Staphilinidae, Ichneumonidae, Trichogrammatidae, Braconidae, Tachinidae, Sirphidae was noted. Conclusions. The species composition of the complex of harmful and beneficial organisms in the vegetable agrocenoses of the open ground of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine includes 10 species of phytophages of white cabbage, 2 species of pests of cucumbers and 7 species of entomophages.
Мета. Уточнити особливості біології трипса цибулевого в умовах Правобережного Лісостепу України, дослідити його динаміку чисельності та шкідливість на різних сортах та гібридах цибулі ріпчастої. Методи. Дослідження проводились за загальноприйнятими в ентомології методиками, результати досліджень оброблені статистично. Результати. Встановлено, що виліт імаго трипса цибулевого після зимівлі на посівах цибулі ріпчастої в умовах Правобережного Лісостепу України відбувається в другій-третій декадах квітня, масовий – першій декаді травня. Досліджено, що за середньодобової температури повітря 12,1–13,5 °С ембріональний розвиток триває 11–13 діб, розвиток личинок за температури 12,8–18,2 °С і відносної вологості повітря 63–82 % – 13–15 діб. Погодні умови впливають і на кількість генерацій шкідника за рік. Так, у 2017 р. за САТ 1934,9 °С, відносної вологості повітря – 58–82 %, суми опадів – 21 мм та ГТК 0,08–4,1 відбувався розвиток тільки двох поколінь. За більш сприятливих умов трипс цибулевий розвивався у трьох поколіннях у 2018 р., а у 2019 р. відмічали розвиток чотирьох поколінь. Найбільшу заселеність посівів цибулі ріпчастої трипсом цибулевим до 47,5 % відмічали у фази початку потовщення основи листків – формування цибулини та фазу формування цибулини – початок надламування листків. Встановлено, що гібриди цибулі ріпчастої іноземної селекції Банко F1, Дайтон F1 та Антилопа F1 заселяються фітофагом до 35,5–38,0 %, а сорти молдавської селекції Халцедон та української селекції Глобус більшою мірою (40,0–42,3 %). Висновки. Уточнено біологічні особливості трипса цибулевого в умовах Правобережного Лісостепу України. Встановлено, що погодні умови суттєво впливають на тривалість стадій онтогенезу шкідника. Вивчено критичні періоди органогенезу цибулі ріпчастої. Досліджено, що ранні посіви цибулі ріпчастої дають змогу знизити чисельність та пошкодження посівів фітофагом.
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