We review the fluctuation electromagnetic theory of attraction, friction and heating of neutral non -magnetic nanoparticles moving with constant velocity in close vicinity to the solid surface. The theory is based on exact solution of the relativistic problem of fluctuation electromagnetic interaction in configuration sphere -plane in dipole approximation.

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The radiation emitted by channeled electrons and positrons in a crystal undergoing an action of ultrasonic (electromagnetic) waves is considered in quantum approximation. The most general crystal potential is shown to consist of two terms: the stationary and nonstationary ones both depending on the atomic displacements caused by the wave. As a result the peak positions and intensities of channeling radiation depend on thc wave intensity, too. At resonance between one of the perturbation harmonics of the crystal potential and the proper particle transition the calculated radiation rate exceeds that one without wave by several orders. B KBaHTOBOM ~~H~J I H X~H M H PXCMaTpMBaeTCX H3JIyYeHMe KaHaJIMPOBaHHbIX 7JIeKTpOHOB M n03R-TPOHOB B KpMCTaXne, HaXOnXuleMCX nOn BO3neficTBMeM IIOIIepeYHOfi yJIbTpa3BYKOBOfi (3JIeKTpO-MarHHTHOfi) BOJIHbI. nOKa3aH0, YTO KpMCTaJIJIMYeCKMfi TIOTeHLIElaJI HaM6OJIec o614ero B H n a COCTOMT 113 nByX YaCTefi: CTaUHOHapHOfi M HeCTalJMOHapHOfi, npMYeM o6e 3aBHCXT OT aTOMHblX CMeuleHHfi, Bb13BaHHbIX BOJIHOfi. B pe3yJIbTaTe I1OJIOXeHMB M MHTCHCHBHOCTH IIMKOB M3,lyYeHHX IIpH KaHaJIM-POBaHHM 3aBHCIIT TBKXe OT HHTeHCMBHOCTM BOJIHb1. B CXyYae pe30HaHCa MeXKAy OnHOfi H 3 raPMOHMK ~o s~y u r a~o l u e r o noTeHqHana II COOTBCTCTBYEOOUIHM nepexonoM Mexny YPOBHBMM nonepeworo

A review is given of the present day problems related with experimental and theoretical studies in nanotribology, a new apatterning branch of physics, which pertains to investigations of the atomicscale friction, adhesion, wear and lubrication. When analysing the experimental results a major point of interest is related with ªdryº adhesion friction between the tip of an atomic force microscope and an atomically smooth surface. However, many other physical effects are considered, too, such as chemical ones, triboemission of particles, conduction in metallic nanocontacts, etc. For the first time, some new results in theoretical elaborations of adhesional (static) and dynamical (velocity-proportional) friction are discussed, as well as some results obtained using the computer simulations. A brief discussion of nanostructural friction measured with the quartz crystal microbalance technique and the surface-force apparatus is also given.