The review presents analysis and generalization of studies concerning therapeutic effect of interrupted pneumo-compression. The physiological differences underlining mechanisms of effecting of ascending and descending pneumo-compression are emphasized. The comparison with static pneumo-compression is carried out. The various technical approaches to application of pneumo-compression and molecular aspects of involvement of fibrinolytic mechanisms into effects of interrupted pneumo-compression are analyzed. The review uses both national and foreign scientific studies and monographs and tutorials. This comprehensive approach permits to analyze sufficiently wide specter of data confirming efficiency of preventive application of interrupted pneumo-compression for preventing thrombosis of deep veins and thromboembolism of pulmonary arteries.