BACKGROUND Aortobronchial fistula (ABF) is a rare complication of a chronic thoracic aneurysm. An ABF secondary to Disseminated Tuberculous (TB) Aortitis and Takayasu Arteritis (TA) may present with extensive combinations of aneurysms and stenoses in different parts of the arterial system with involvement of other organs. CASE PRESENTATION A 29-year-old Filipino female, married, who was admitted to our institution due to sudden massive hemoptysis. A Computed Tomography of the chest showed pulmonary tuberculosis with lymph node involvement and pseudoaneurysm of the descending aorta. The pertinent physical examinations are blood pressure (BP) differential of 20mmhg of upper extremities, painless multiple nodular tongue, multiple cervical, and supraclavicular lymphadenopathies, grade 3/6 holosystolic murmur. On Computed Tomography of the aorta, there are combinations of aneurysms of the mid to distal descending thoracic aorta, distal abdominal aorta, superior mesenteric artery with stenoses of the subclavian and left renal arteries. She was immediately started on anti-TB medications, corticosteroids and was scheduled for aortic aneurysmal repair. However, there was a recurrence of massive hemoptysis leading to her demise. An autopsy of the thorax and abdomen revealed an acute pulmonary hemorrhage, aortobronchial fistula secondary to Disseminated Tuberculous Aortitis and Takayasu Arteritis. CONCLUSION A masked ABF should be suspected in a patient with massive hemoptysis and a pseudoaneurysm of the descending aorta. In a young female with disseminated TB aortitis, a concomitant TA should be investigated. Both can share the same clinical, radiological and pathologic features. It is fatal and needs prompt surgical or endovascular intervention.

Background: Patient derived xenografts (PDX) have been increasingly used as models for cancer research because they more closely resemble the disease than cancer cell lines. However, there is often high cost associated with PDX partly due to its low engraftment rate. Aims: In this study, we aimed to investigate clinicopathological features of specimens from breast cancer patients that may influence success of xenograft formation in mice. Methods: Specimens were obtained from patients at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and transplanted into immuno-deficient mice. The mice were monitored for one year to determine whether or not engraftments were successful. Clinicopathological features were correlated with engraftment outcomes. Results: A total of 45 PDX were performed in this study. There were strong negative correlations between engraftment rate and oestrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expression in tumours (p<0.001). Xenograft formation positively correlated with triple negative breast cancer (p<0.001), and high mitotic count of the tumour (p=0.0025). No other significant correlations were found between engraftment rate and other clinicopathological parameters including age, family history of breast or ovarian cancer, grade of tumour, tubule formation, nuclear pleomorphism, lymphatic invasion, HER2 receptor status, Ki-67 proliferative index, or T and N staging. Conclusions: Tumours lacking oestrogen and progesterone receptor expression and with high mitotic counts are more suitable for xenograft formation. PRIMARY ANGIOSARCOMA OF THE BREAST IN A 29-YEAR OLD FEMALE G. Valloso, L. Cale-Subia Philippine Heart Center, Quezon City, PhilippinesBackground: Primary angiosarcoma of the breast is a relatively rare entity with less than 0.05% of all malignant breast tumours. Aims: Provide in-depth study of a 29-year-old female with primary angiosarcoma of the breast and review related literature. Methods: Review all the data which include patient's demographic, history, radiographic findings, management, histopathology findings, and outcome. Results and conclusions: Case of a 29-year-old Filipino female with nine months history of right breast mass. Work-up favoured breast haemangioma versus phyllodes tumour. Patient underwent right modified radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection. The specimen revealed a unilocular space measuring

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