TABLE 3.2. (contd) Data Subsequent Routines Used Rock handling and storage 1 abor Rock handling and storage materials Rock mass stored on surface Annual utilities cost Diesel fuel cost Electric Power cost Steam Cost Water Cost Support facility capital costs Underground facility capital costs Transportation capital costs Emplacement excavation capital costs Rock operations capital costs Site preparations costs Cost of A-E services Cost of licensing Cost of land Startup costs Shaft sealing cost Facility decommissioning cost Surveillance cost 3.6 * shaft construction schedule (I) * WAF (K) (42) 4.21 ' " CORDSC (1) Corridor Descri ption IlMAIN CORRIDOR II 12A4 CORWTH(l) Main Corridor Width, meters Free-Rea 1 CORLEN(l) Main Corridor Length, meters Free-Rea 1 CORHT(l) Main Corridor Height, meters Free-Real DUMMY 110 11 Free-Integer 5.5

There is a perception in small to medium software developers that international standards and process improvement models such as ISO/IEC 15504 are developed and are relevant only for large organisations. This paper discusses the results of a case study focusing on the conduct of a process improvement project in a small organisation, Mirrabooka Systems Pty Ltd. The project involved providing financial assistance, assessment services and process improvement mentoring to improve the capability of the organisation's software development processes. The activities centred around the provision of ISO/IEC 15504 conformant assessments, or more commonly known as SPICE Assessments, the results of which provided a basis for developing and implementing a process improvement programme for the organisation, which was implemented over a period of 18 months, and finally determining the improvements realised over that time frame. It discusses both the benefits and concerns Mirrabooka Systems Pty Ltd experienced by participating in the project and also demonstrates that ISO/IEC 15504 is not just suitable for large organisations but is also relevant and beneficial for small organisations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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PREFACELogistics analyses supplied to the nuclear waste management programs of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) through the Transportation Technology Center (TTC) at Sandia National Laboratories are used to estimate nuclear waste materials packaging demands, shipping and receiving rates, and various transportation-related costs for alternative strategies. The reference shipping costs for various waste materials are key information used in these analyses. The Pacific Northwest Laboratory, through OOE 1 s defense and commercial nuclear waste management programs, developed techniques that the TTC can use to estimate the costs of shipping irradiated reactor fuel (spent fuel) and nuclear waste materials. This document describes the techniques that were developed and lists representative data required when calculating estimates of the shipping cost for legal-weight truck or general-freight rail shipments of either spent fuel or nuclear waste materials. The scope of the work presented in this document is limited to the costs incurred for shipping and does not include packaging or cask purchase/lease costs.The units of weights and measures reported in this document are those currently used by the \J.S. transportation industry. The use of these units facilitates direct use of existing transportation industry documents.; ; ; ABSTRACTThe Pacific Northwest Laboratory developed techniques for calculating estimates of nuclear-waste shipping costs and compiled a listing of representative data that facilitate incorporation of reference shipping costs into various logistics analyses. The for!'1ulas that were developed can be used to estimate costs that will be incurred for shipping spent fuel or nuclear waste by either legal-weight truck or general-freight rail.The basic data for this study were ohtained from tarrifs of a truck carrier licensed to serve the 48 contiguous states and from various rail freight tariff guides. Also, current transportation regulations as issued hy the IJ.S. Department of Transportation and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission were investigated.The costs that will be incurred for shipping spent fuel and/or nuclear waste, as addressed by the tariff guides, are based on a complex set of conditions involving the shipment origin, route, destination, weight, size, and volume and the frequency of shipments, existing competition, and the length of contracts. While the complexity of these conditions is an important factor in arriving at a "correct" cost, deregulation of the transportation industry means that costs are much more subject to negotiation and, thus, the actual fee that will he charged will not be determined until a shipping contract is actually signed. This stuny is designed to provide the baseline data necessary for making comparisons of the estimated costs of shipping spent fuel and/or nuclear wastes by truck and rail transportation modes. The scope of the work presented in this document is limited to the costs incurred for shipping, and does not include packaging, cask purchase/lease costs, or l...