This study was conducted to examine the effect of five organic and mineral nitrogen fertilizer levels (F1 = 0, F2 = 17.5 kg organic nitrogen (ON) + 17.5 kg mineral nitrogen (MN), F3 = 35 kg MN, F4 = 35 kg ON + 35 kg MN and F5 = 70 kg MN / fed) on the growth characters, yield, its component and some chemical properties of three bread wheat cultivars (Sids 12, Gemmeiza 11 and Giza 168).

Methodology: Two field experiments were conducted on the Experimental Farm at El-Gemmeiza Research Station, Gharbia Governorate, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt, during two successive winter seasons of 2018-19 and 2019-20. Aims: To investigate the effect of three nitrogen fertilizer rates, i.e. 30, 50 and 70 kg N feddan-1 [one feddan (fed) = 4200 m2] and three plant densities, i.e. 1500, 2000 and 2500 seeds m-2 on flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) yield and its quality of three cultivars of flax, i.e. Sakha 3, Giza 11 and Giza 12. Results: Results in combined analysis of the two seasons showed that Sakha 3 cultivar significantly produced the maximum total plant height, technical stem length, upper branching zone length, No. of seeds capsule-1, total fiber percentage, fiber yield plant-1, fiber yield fed-1, fiber length and fiber fineness. Meanwhile, the highest No. of basal branches plant-1, straw yield plant-1, straw yield fed-1 and seed oil content were recorded with Giza 12 cultivar. While, Giza 11 cultivar gave the maximum stem diameter, No. of upper branches plant-1, No. of capsules plant-1, No. of seeds plant-1, seed index, seed yield plant-1, seed yield fed-1, harvest index, oil yield plant-1 and oil yield fed-1. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates from 30 up to 70 kg N fed-1 caused significant increases in almost straw, fiber, seed and oil yields and its related traits of flax, on the other hand, fiber fineness which significantly decreased with increasing nitrogen rates. Flax plants growing at 1500 seeds m-2 markedly gave the greatest No. of basal branches plant-1, stem diameter, straw yield plant-1, upper branching zone length, No. of upper branches plant-1, No. of capsules plant-1, No. of seeds plant-1, seed yield plant-1, harvest index, oil yield plant-1 and fiber yield plant-1. Meanwhile, the maximum total plant height, technical stem length, straw yield fed-1, seed yield fed-1, oil yield fed-1, total fiber percentage, fiber yield fed-1, fiber length and fiber fineness were obtained from flax planting at 2500 seeds m-2. The maximum fiber yield were recorded from the interactions among treatments Sakha 3 X 70 kg N fed-1, Sakha 3 X 2500 seeds m-2, 70 kg N fed-1 X 2500 seeds m-2 and Sakha 3 X 70 kg N fed-1 X 2500 seeds m-2. Meanwhile, the maximum seed and oil yields fed-1 were recorded from the interactions between treatments Giza 11 X 70 kg N fed-1, Giza 11 X 2500 seeds m-2, 70 kg N fed-1 X 2500 seeds m-2 and Giza 11 X 70 kg N fed-1 X 2500 seeds m-2. Generally, it could be concluded that Sakha 3 cultivar under soil fertilized by 70 kg N fed-1 with plant density of 2500 seeds m-2 to maximizing fiber yield fed-1, while Giza 11 cultivar with the same rates of nitrogen and plant density to maximizing seed and oil yields fed-1.

Five rice lines and three testers were crossed in line x tester mating design and the resultant fifteen hybrids along with their eight parents were evaluated under normal and drought conditions (irrigation every 12 days). This investigation was undertaken at the experimental farm of Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC), Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt during 2019 and 2020 growing season. Genetic diversity, combining ability, heterosis, and antioxidant enzymes were studied. Four primers were used to study genetic diversity. The results revealed a total number of 7 alleles were ranged from one to three alleles per locus, the average of major allele frequency, gene diversity, and (PIC) were 0.607, 0.45, 0.46), respectively. The GD dendrogram revealed the close similarity among the genotypes; IET 1444, GZ1368 and G177 clustered together in the main cluster. On another hand, NP856-9 diverged in sub cluster and the other genotypes G178, G179, A22, and G182 were clustered together. The drought had an intensive inhibition on studied traits, plant height, chlorophyll content, grain yield plant-1 and 1000 grain weight. Otherwise, all genotypes were more earliness under drought than under normal. Highly significant differences were detected among genotypes and their partitions for all studied traits. Both additive and non-additive are important in the inheritance of studied traits. The parents GZ 1368 under normal irrigation and combined data and IET 1444 under stress condition seemed to be the best combiner for grain yield plant-1. The cross NP856-9 X GZ 182 revealed the highest significant and positive SCA effects for chlorophyll content and grain yield/plant. The most desirable midparent and better-parent heterosis for grain yield plant-1 were detected for the crosses IET1444 x G182 and NP856-9 x G182, respectively in the combined data. Results indicated that the activity of antioxidant enzymes: CAT, APX, SOD, and MDA enhanced under drought conditions. Similarly, proline accumulation increased due to water stress.

Two field experiments were conducted on the Agricultural Research and Experiment Center, Faculty of Agriculture Moshtohor, Benha University, Toukh Directorate, Kalubia Governorate, Egypt,during the two successive summer seasons of 2014 and 2015 tostudy the effect of four nitrogen fertilizer treatments, i.e. 40, 70, 100 and 130 kg N/fed. and foliar spray by five micronutrient treatments, i.e. Non-fertilized, Zn, Mn, Fe and Zn + Mn + Feon the growth traits, yield, its component and some chemical properties of maize(white single cross hybrid 2031). The experimental design was split plot design in four replications. The obvious results of this investigation can be summarized as follows: All traits of maize under study (plant height, No. of green leaves/plant and leaf area index at 100 days from planting, No. of ears/fed., ear length, ear weight, weight of kernels/ear, 100kernel weight, kernels shelling %, biological yield/fed., grain yield/fed., stover yield/fed., harvest index %, kernels nitrogen uptake/fed., kernels protein yield/fed., leaf and kernel nitrogen contents, zinc, manganese and iron contents of maize leaves in the two seasons.) showed significantly increased by increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates, except, mid tasseling and silking dates significantly decreased with increasing nitrogenrates in the both seasons. Application of 130 kg N /fed significantly gave the maximum values of above traits. Results revealed that micronutrient foliar spray using Zn + Mn + Fe treatment was the most effective treatment forprevious growth, yield and its components traits of maize in the two seasons. Meanwhile, maize plants which foliar spray by singly Zn, Mn and Fe treatments significantly gave the highest values of leaf zinc content, leaf manganese content and leaf iron content, respectively in 2014 and 2015 seasons. The interaction between nitrogen fertilizer by 130 kg N/fed.and foliar spray by mixed Zn + Mn + Fe treatment significantly gave the greatest values ofmaize traits, i.e. plant height, No. of green leaves/plant and leaf area index at 100 days from planting, No. of kernels/ear, ear weight, weight of kernels/ear, biological yield/fed., grain yield/fed, kernels nitrogen uptake/fed.and kernels protein yield/fed.in the both seasons. It could be summarized that fertilization of maize field by 130 kg N/fed.and foliar spray by mixed of Zn + Mn + Fe to maximized grain yield/feddan.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of irrigation intervals (every 21, 28 and 35 days) and nitrogen fertilizers rates [untreated (0), 30, 45 and 60 kg N/fad] on quantity and quality of straw and seed characters of flax (Cultivar Giza 10), in addition to study anatomical manifestation in middle technical stem length. The experimental design was split-plot in three replications.Significant differences were detected for all studied traits, i.e. total plant height (cm), technical stem length (cm), upper branching zone length (cm), straw yield/plant (g), straw yield (kg/fad), total fiber percentage (%), fiber yield (kg/fad), fiber length (cm), number of capsules/plant, number of seeds/capsule, seed index (g),seed yield/plant (g), seed yield (kg/fad), biological yield (kg/fad), oil percentage (%) oil yield (kg/fad)and fiber fineness (Nm) among irrigation intervals or nitrogen fertilizer rates in the combined analysis.Irrigated flax plants every 21 days gave the maximum values for total plant height (cm), technical stem length (cm), upper branching zone length (cm), straw yield/plant (g), straw yield (kg/fad), total fiber percentage (%), fiber yield (kg/fad), fiber length (cm), number of capsules/plant, number of seeds/capsule, seed index (g), seed yield/plant (g), seed yield (kg/fad), biological yield (kg/fad), oil percentage (%) and oil yield (kg/fad) in the combined analysis. On the other hand, significantly gave the low values of fiber fineness (Nm). In contrast, irrigation every 35 days gave the minimum values for all studied characters under this study except, fiber fineness (Nm). Irrigated flax every 28 days gain intermediate estimates in all studied traits without significance with irrigation every 21days. Anatomical studies, i.e. total cross section area (mm 2 ), cortex area (mm 2 ), fiber area (mm 2 ), xylem area (mm 2 ) and pith area (mm 2 ), fiber index (cm 3 ), cortex % and fiber % were increased when irrigated flax plants every 21 days. But xylem % and pith % were decreased.All traits of flax under study showed significantly increased by increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates from untreated up to 60 kg N/fad, except fiber fineness (Nm) was significant decreased with increasing nitrogen rates in the combined analysis. Results reported that no significant differences between soil fertilized by 45 and 60 kg N/fad on all flax traits under study. All anatomical studies, i.e., (total cross section area (mm 2 ), cortex area (mm 2 ), fiber area (mm 2 ), xylem (mm 2 ), pith (mm 2 ), fiber index (mm 3 ), cortex %, fiber % and xylem %) were increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates up to 60 kg N/fad, expect pith % was decreased.Results showed that irrigated flax plants every 21 days and soil fertilized by 60 kg N/fad significantly gave the maximum values of seed, biological and oil yield (kg/fad) in the combined analysis. In addition to great reduction in fiber fineness (Nm) had happened in this case.It could be concluded that planting flax plants (Giza 10) under irrigated interval every 2...