The ultrasonic phase velocity was measured on a high purity nickel single crystal with a bias magnetic field in cooling and heating runs over the interval of temperatures from approximately 100 to 325 K. An evident anomaly of the phase velocity was observed in both branches of the temperature cycle. The temperature of the anomaly in the heating run was always greater than that in the cooling run, indicating the presence of a hysteretic mechanism. The observed changes are attributed to dimensional alignment of the nickel single crystal twins which are able to distort the crystalline network. The temperature of the anomalies and its hysteretic behavior depend on the synergy between the direction and strength of the magnetic field, the direction of the ultrasonic wave propagation, the internal friction between the domains and the crystallographic orientation. The frictions between magnetic domains that do not contribute to the velocity anomaly produce a hysteretic loop. The process can be easily inhibited by disorientation of the magnetic field.
In this paper we present experimental data of ultrasonic velocity and attenuation obtained in a high purity crystalline sample of cooper hydrogenated by gaseous charge. The sample is oriented in the <111> crystallographic direction and aged for this work in three stages between 64 and 97 days. The results indicate that the hydrogen is mainly segregated at the dislocation core, inhibiting the Hydrogen Snoek-Köster relaxations verified at earlier aging stages. Despite of this, a contribution to viscosity in the kink-chain resonance is provided by the mobile hydrogen in the dislocations core by its side movement along the dislocation line. At temperatures at which the hydrogen begins to freeze in the lattice the geometrical kinks find a gradual increase on the hindering of their movements along dislocation lines, becoming immobile when the hydrogen is completely frozen in the crystal, anchoring the dislocations in short loops. Although the viscosity associated with the mobile hydrogen is removed, the resonance associated with geometrical kinks is not completely cancelled. The interaction hydrogen-dislocation can be fully described in terms of kinks in dislocations.
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