[Purpose] This study aimed to examine the factors influencing dysmenorrhea among Korean middle school adolescents. [Subjects] The subjects included 572 female students in three different middle schools located in Seoul, South Korea. [Methods] A cross-sectional design was adopted. The measurement tools used included a demographic form and revised Menstrual distress Questionnaire (MDQ). [Results] The analyses showed that the prediction model was significant. The value of the adjusted R2 was 0.282, which corresponds to an explanatory power of 28.2%. The factor found to have the most influence on dysmenorrhea among Korean middle school adolescents was stress, followed by health status, onset of dysmenorrhea, consecutive days of menstruation, and dietary habits. [Conclusion] Nursing intervention programs for alleviating dysmenorrhea in Korean middle school adolescents are essential in order to reduce their level of stress, improve their perceived health status, and help them to maintain regular dietary habits. Reflecting on the recent trend of female students menstruating at a younger age, public health education courses and counseling programs should offer customized methods for alleviating dysmenorrhea.

This study was conducted to identify factors affecting health promotion behaviors of upper grade elementary students. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out with 282 fifth or sixth elementary school students from two cities, Korea. Data were collected using self-administrative questionnaires containing items on health knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavior control and health promotion behavior, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Cronbach's α, Pearson Correlation Coefficients, and multiple regression analysis with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: There were significant positive correlations between health promotion behavior and health knowledge (r=.36, p<.001), attitudes (r=.41, p<.001), subjective norms (r=.36, p<.001), perceived behavior control (r=.49, p<.001). Perceived behavior control (β=.38, p<.001), health knowledge (β=.26, p<.001), perceived health status-good (β=.15, p=.005) were significant factors affecting health promotion behavior and explained 31%(F=43.29, p<.001) of variance. Conclusion: Results indicate that level of health promotion behavior is appropriate and perceived behavior control is the most important factor for health promotion behavior among the predictors. These findings also suggest that it is necessary to promote perceived behavior control and health knowledge in developing health promotion intervention programs for these students, as well as a need to strengthen education on sex behavior and health, accident prevention and first aid.

This study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting health promotion behaviors in late school-aged children by establishing a hypothetical model based on the planned behavior theory. Methods: From July 19 to August 31, 2017, 460 questionnaires were distributed to fifth and sixth graders at three elementary schools in Korea, of which 318 were ultimately analyzed. Results: All the fit indices were shown to be appropriate, indicating satisfactory fit. In the final model, six of the nine paths included in the hypothetical model were supported. Specifically, perceived behavioral control had the most influence on intention, followed by subjective norms, self-esteem, and health knowledge. Intentions were the most influential factor for health-promoting behaviors, followed by self-esteem and health knowledge. Subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and self-esteem explained 57.6% of intention to engage in health promotion behaviors and 61.7% of variation in health promotion behaviors was explained by health knowledge, self-esteem and intention. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide support for a model that can be used to facilitate the practice of health promotion activities in children in the later years of school age.

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify the predictors of self-esteem and the relationships between health-promoting behavior, health intentions, and self-esteem among school-aged children and provide basic data for the development of programs that can influence self-esteem among school-aged children in South Korea. Introduction: This study aimed to identify the predictors of self-esteem and the relationships between health intentions and health-promoting behavior and self-esteem among school-aged children. Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional study. The data were collected using a selfreported questionnaire on health intentions, health-promoting behavior, and self-esteem. The data were collected from elementary school students from February 3 to 13, 2020. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS program Results: Positive correlations were found between self-esteem and both health-promoting behavior (r=.503, p<0.001) and health intentions (r=.511, p<0.001). Also, the relationship between health intentions and health-promoting behavior (r = 0.629, p < 0.001) exhibited positive correlation. Self-esteem was identified as a significant predictor of health intentions (β = 0.28, p < 0.001), health-promoting behavior (β = 0.21, p < 0.001), school records (β = -0.20 p < 0.001), perceived health status (β = 0.18, p < 0.001), and academic grade (β = -0.10, p < 0.05), with an explanatory power of 39.0%. Conclusion: The results indicated that self-esteem positively affects health intentions and healthpromoting behavior