Peyssonneliaceae represents a monophyletic clade of red encrusting algae classified Peyssonneliales. Molecular analyses have been important for revealing unknown diversity in this family, which includes small, cryptic organisms, frequently distinguished solely by discrete anatomical characters. Brazil however, remains virtually unknown. To assess this diversity, phylogenetic and barcoding analyses using rbcL, COI-5P and SSU data, as well as morpho-anatomical analyses were performed. Here we report the first occurrence of two genera on the Brazilian coast: Ramicrusta and Incendia, and describe three new species: Ramicrusta fujiiana sp. nov., Ramicrusta paradoxa sp. nov. and Incendia yoneshigueana sp. nov. Ramicrusta was resolved as a monophyletic clade in the three reconstructed phylogenies, and had congruent topologies. In the rbcL phylogeny, Ramicrusta fujiiana formed a well-supported clade sister to a well-supported clade including R. aranea (Vanuatu, type locality) and R. textilis (Jamaica, type locality). Morphological characters of R. paradoxa are not in agreement with the original description of the genus. Therefore, we present an updated and broader concept of Ramicrusta. Incendia was resolved as a monophyletic clade with full support for rbcL. Incendia yoneshigueana is in a sister relationship with I. glabra (Vanuatu, type locality). This study extends the distributions of Ramicrusta and Incendia, proposes three new species, and confirms the effectiveness of rbcL, COI-5P and SSU in inferring phylogenetic relationships and delimiting species in the Peyssonneliales. The integrative approach established clear taxonomic concepts for the studied genera and species, and identified useful characters for genera delimitation in Peyssonneliaceae.

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Peppers of the genus Capsicum are of great socioeconomic importance, being pungency trait their main attraction. Pungency characterization, genetic distance estimates and population structure analysis of the accessions belonging to germplasm banks are important for parent selection which allows to obtain superior progenies. Therefore, the aims of this study were: i) evaluate 81 accessions of the Capsicum spp. Germplasm Bank of Universidade Federal de São Carlos (BGC-UFSCar) with molecular markers linked to pungency; ii) estimate the genetic diversity among accessions of the BGC-UFSCar using microsatellite markers (SSR); and iii) evaluate the efficiency of these markers in the distinction among species of Capsicum spp. We noticed that pun1 1 and SNP molecular markers were efficient in predicting the pungent phenotype of BGC-UFSCar accessions in 84.85% and 95.59%, respectively. From a total of 13 amplified microsatellite markers, seven were polymorphic and efficient to discriminate species of Capsicum genus, both through genetic diversity analysis and population structure analysis, which showed three subpopulations. The molecular markers used in this study are useful tools for breeding programs since they were able to characterize and discriminate Capsicum spp. species at DNA level. Information obtained with molecular markers can assist in the selection of contrasting parents for future breeding programs.

Português. O fenômeno conhecido como arribada resulta, principalmente, da turbulência do mar, provocada pela ação das correntes, ventos e marés, que arrancam as algas de seus substratos trazendo-as até a praia. Apesar de serem frequentemente incineradas ou enterradas, estudos verificaram que a retirada desta biomassa arribada é considerada prejudicial, em alguns casos, demonstrando que estudos quali-quantitativos acerca de sua diversidade são imprescindíveis para preservar este recurso e estabelecer parâmetros exploratórios. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo determinar a composição específica e a biomassa das algas arribadas ocorrentes em quatro praias do litoral norte do Estado da Bahia, Brasil. As praias foram visitadas bimensalmente durante as marés baixas de sizígia com o intuito de verificar o fenômeno das arribadas. O material coletado foi encaminhado ao laboratório para posterior identificação e mensuração da biomassa. Foram identificados, 123 táxons específicos distribuídos em 58 gêneros das três divisões: 68 Rhodophyta, 28 Heterokontophyta e 27 Chlorophyta. Os gêneros mais representativos foram Gracilaria (Rhodophyta), com 11 espécies, seguido de Dictyopteris (Heterokontophyta) e Sargassum (Heterokontophyta), com 6 espécies cada. A maioria dos táxons foram pertencentes ao grupo funcional macrófita corticada. A biomassa média das algas arribadas (peso seco), correspondeu a um total de 2269,7 g/m2 em 2007, na praia de Itapuã e 2.269,7 g/m² na praia da Pituba no ano de 2010. O gênero Ulva foi o de biomassa mais expressiva em todas as praias, correspondendo a 100% e 97% do total das arribadas nas praias de Itapoã (2007) e Pituba (2010), respectivamente.English. The phenomenon known as arribada results mainly from the turbulence of the sea, caused by the action of currents, winds and tides, plucking algae from their substrates bringing them to the beach. Although they are often incinerated or buried, studies found that the removal of this biomass is considered harmful, in some cases, demonstrating that qualitative and quantitative studies about diversity are essential to preserve this resource exploration and establish parameters. This study aims to determine the species composition and biomass of arribadas occurring in four beaches of the north coast of the State of Bahia, Brazil. The beaches were visited bimonthly during spring low tides in order to verify the phenomenon of arribada. The collected material was sent to the laboratory for further identification and measurement of biomass. Were identified, 123 species distributed in 58 genera of three divisions: 68 Rhodophyta, 28 Chlorophyta and 27 Heterokontophyta. The most representative were Gracilaria (Rhodophyta), with 11 species, followed by Dictyopteris (Heterokontophyta) and Sargassum (Heterokontophyta), with six species each. Most taxa were belonging to morphotype macrophyte corticated. The average biomass of arribada (dry weight), corresponding to a total of 5765 g/m2 in 2007, the beach Itapuã and 2269.7 g/m² on the beach Pituba in 2010. The genus Ulva biomass was the most significant in all the beaches, corresponding to 100% and 97% of the beaches of Arribadas Itapoã (2007) and Pituba (2010), respectively.