DOCUMENTOSDentro de las causas de muerte, los homicidios han tenido un aumento importante en los últimos años, siendo las lesiones por armas de fuego responsables de casi de un tercio. Por esto, es cada vez más frecuente que los cirujanos de los servicios de urgencia nos veamos enfrentados a trauma por armas de fuego. Conocer el trayecto probable del proyectil, la posibilidad de lesión concomitante por gases, sospechar la presencia de un taco dentro de la herida, etc, nos puede orientar en la toma de decisiones tanto antes como dentro del pabellón. El objetivo de esta revisión es proporcionar las nociones básicas de las características de estas lesiones para su correcta interpretación desde la óptica de la patología quirúr-gica, y para describirlas y conservarlas lo mejor posible desde el punto de vista de la patología forense.Chile tiene una tasa de mortalidad por homicidios que ubica al país en el quinto lugar en América Latina 1 . Es preocupante constatar que las tasas han aumentado signifi cativamente en años recientes. Las causas más frecuentes de muerte son las lesiones por arma blanca (39%) y de fuego (28%)1 . La mayor incidencia de heridas por armas de fuego se produce en barrios de nivel social bajo, los fi nes de semana y por armas cortas.Cada vez es más frecuente que los cirujanos nos veamos enfrentados a trauma por armas de fuego, por lo que es importante tener nociones básicas de las características de este tipo de lesiones y sus implicancias médico legales. Además del valor criminalístico y forense, reconocer algunas características de las lesiones por armas de fuego nos permite anticipar las lesiones que encontraremos en el pabellón y planifi car la intervención que realizaremos. Siendo los proyectiles radiopacos, el rol de la radiología es indiscutido 2 . Las lesiones por arma de fuego se defi nen como el conjunto de alteraciones producidas en el organismo por el efecto de los elementos que integran el disparo en las armas de fuego. Por su parte, las armas de fuego se defi nen como aquellos instrumentos destinados a lanzar violentamente ciertos proyectiles aprovechando la fuerza expansiva de los gases que se producen en su interior por defl agración de la pólvora. Estos proyectiles poseen una gran energía cinética o fuerza remanente por lo que alcanzan largas distancias con gran capacidad de penetración 3 . Sólo como una aproximación mencionaremos que los proyectiles de armas cortas poseen velocidades de alrededor de 350 metros por segundo (m/s) y las armas largas, de alrededor de 1.000 m/s.
Effects of standarization of burn patient treatment on mortalityBackground: In 2006, the burn unit of an emergency public hospital in Chile standardized its medical and surgical treatment protocols. Aim: To analyze the evolution of mortality among patients admitted to the unit after the standardization process. Material and Methods: Patients admitted to the unit between March 2005 and March 2006, were analyzed. An early surgical debridement was performed, according to the guidelines, after a standardized reanimation with Lactate Ringer using Parkland formula (4 ml/kg/% burn surface area). All patients were monitored. An algorithm was used to decide the indication of vasoactive drugs or invasive monitorization. Results: Eighty eight patients aged 43 ± 19 years (65% males) were admitted. The estimated percentage body burned was 30 ± 21%, deep in 12.5 ± 17%. A mean of 9.122 ± 6.930 ml of fluid were administered in the first 24 hours. The first surgical debridement was performed at 48 hours (range 1 to 15 days). The first escharotomy was performed at 4.2 days (range 3 hours -15 days), the first covering at 3.8 days (range 3 hours-19 days) the first auto graft at 18 days (range 4-26 days). Operative times in the first three surgical procedures were less than 87 min. Global mortality was 37%. Conclusions: The standardized treatment of burns resulted in an absolute reduction of mortality.
ambulatory repair of recurrent hernias. experience in 70 cases background: Recurrence is the most common long term complication of inguinal hernia repair. aim: To report the experience of ambulatory treatment of hernia recurrence. Patients and methods: Seventy patients aged 56 ± 14 years (59 men), with a low surgical risk and a body mass index below 40 kg/ m 2 were admitted to the program. The surgical repair of the hernia was performed under local anesthesia on an ambulatory basis. All patients received antibiotic and prophylaxis for venous thrombosis. results: The surgical procedure lasted 54 ± 25 minutes. A tissue repair was performed in 12 cases and a prosthetic one in 48. The ductus deferens was accidentally sectioned in one case. The postoperative complications were one hematoma which did not require surgery and two superficial infections that healed in an ambulatory basis. A long term follow up, for 9.3 ± 1.9 years after surgery was possible in 79% of cases. Two recurrences (3.5%) were observed and one patient complained of a light, intermittent pain in the inguinal region. There were two recurrences after tissue repair, both occurring after a Lichtenstein repair (4.2%). ninety two percent of patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the procedure. conclusion: Ambulatory treatment of recurrent hernias is feasible and safe.
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