Since the use of language is a core aspect of psychotherapy, its study requires instruments that allow for further research. The aim of this study is to present an observational instrument capable of analyzing the language used in psychotherapeutic settings, both by therapists and clients. The SICOLENTE instrument was applied to two different samples: The Three Approaches to Psychotherapy film and a naturalistic sample. 7710 utterances from 31 sessions (three from the demonstration film and 28 from a naturalistic setting) were coded. Two studies were conducted: in the first study, inter and intra coder reliability (dimension and category levels) and Generalizability theory analyzes were assessed, whilst in the second study, construct validity was tested with several hypotheses. The final instrument resulted in 20 categories with three dimensions: Conversational Act (7 categories), Therapeutic topic (6 categories) and Content (7 categories). The three dimensions showed excellent inter and intra coder reliability and the generalizability coefficients were excellent. Out of the 24 validity hypothesis proposed,19 were accepted. The finding suggests that the SICOLENTE is a reliable and valid instrument that can be applied to investigate the performance of various theoretical models. Its three dimensional structure gives it the flexibility to be able to carry out macroscopic or microscopic language research.
IntroducciónUn nuevo tipo de coronavirus, denominado SARS-CoV-2, puede provocar patología respiratoria, denominada COVID-19, y ha generado una pandemia sin precedentes. Las complicaciones graves incluyen neumonía y la mortalidad oscila entre un 2 a un 5%. Hasta el 26 de marzo de 2020 la OMS informó 462 684 casos confirmados, y 20 834 muertes en todo el mundo. Se transmite por aerosoles o gotitas respiratorias. Distintas sociedades científicas han publicado guías de práctica clínica respecto a la atención oftalmológica en pandemia COVID-19. Cada una expone la información de manera diferente, lo que dificulta la toma de decisiones. MétodosRealizamos una búsqueda bibliográfica sensible en EMBASE y dirigida en sociedades oftalmológicas de guías de práctica clínica de atención oftalmológica en pandemia COVID-19. Extrajimos las recomendaciones, organizándolas en tres categorías: "qué pacientes tratar", "funcionamiento del policlínico y consulta", y "qué intervenciones evitar". En cada una se evaluó la búsqueda sistemática de evidencia y el uso en las recomendaciones de metodología Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation, GRADE. ResultadosSe encontraron 14 artículos relevantes. Se extrajeron 51 recomendaciones, elaborando una tabla resumen. Ninguna efectuó búsqueda sistemática de evidencia, ni incorporó GRADE en las recomendaciones. ConclusionesLas guías de práctica clínica revisadas comparten los principios generales de reprogramar toda consulta y cirugía no urgente, reforzando las precauciones de contacto, el uso de elementos de protección personal y desinfección de superficies e instrumentos. Se deben mejorar las guías de práctica clínica incorporando búsquedas sistemáticas de evidencia, usando metodología GRADE para las recomendaciones y Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation (AGREE II) para el reporte.
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