Concomitant with changes in behavior by people with schizophrenia, discriminatory behaviors driven by prejudice are real in today's society, even after the Psychiatric Reform movement. In this perspective, this study aimed to identify the occurrence of stigma and discrimination phenomena in the daily life of people with schizophrenia. This is a cross-sectional study with a qualitative approach, conducted with 12 people with schizophrenia, with ties in a Psychosocial Care Center in a city in the Midwest of São Paulo State. Data collection took place between December 2018 and February 2019, through interviews with a semi-structured instrument prepared by the authors. Data were subjected to thematic content analysis. All research participants signed the informed consent form. The research was submitted and approved by the Research Ethics Committee. The participants' self-perception about the experience of discrimination and / or stigma was affirmed by 8 (66.7%) of the participants, and was present in all situations surveyed. Two categories were organized with their thematic units. The categories were: 1 - The experience of prejudice and stigma in the condition of schizophrenia, and 2 - Challenges related to the condition of being schizophrenic. It is observed that stigmatization remains and reigns in society, health professionals and the bearer of the disorder itself, with discrimination directed at people with mental disorders, including schizophrenia. The stigmatizing and discriminatory social behavior addressed to people with schizophrenia is real, aggressive and destructive.
Objetivo: Investigar as relações entre a condição de ser uma pessoa com esquizofrenia e a autoestima. Método: Trata-se de estudo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 12 pessoas portadoras de esquizofrenia, com vínculo em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial de cidade do centro-oeste do estado de São Paulo. A coleta de dados se deu no decorrer dos meses de dezembro de 2018 a fevereiro de 2019, com utilização de instrumento semiestruturado, elaborado pelos autores e aplicação da Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg. Os dados foram analisados por meio da ANOVA 1 fator, Teste de Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Teste Exato de Fisher. O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: O nível geral de autoestima foi de 26,42, com pontuações mínima e máxima de 23 e 29, e desvio padrão de 1,676. Observou-se que não há diferença estatisticamente significante entre as médias dos grupos. Quando classificados por categorias (autoestima baixa, autoestima regular e autoestima elevada), não houveram pessoas classificadas em autoestima elevada. Para as variáveis presença de filhos, existência de familiar com esquizofrenia, existência de outro transtorno mental e uso de álcool, tabaco e outras substâncias evidenciou-se comportamento de similaridade (p=1,000). Considerações finais: A autoestima está diretamente relacionada a um processo de estigmatização. O indivíduo portador de transtorno mental cria um ciclo vicioso de exclusão social e discriminação, constituindo uma enorme barreira para a qualidade de vida.
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