Resumo Introdução: O carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) é responsável por cerca de 90% dos casos de neoplasias de fígado, correspondendo ao tipo histológico mais comum. O transplante hepático é a principal terapia preconizada para o CHC, no entanto, a escassez de órgãos, aliada ao aumento do número de pacientes candidatos a esse tratamento são fatores que levam à necessidade de criteriosa seleção dos receptores de fígado. A recidiva de CHC pós-transplante é uma doença sistêmica que impacta drasticamente na sobrevida dos pacientes e sua abordagem ainda é um campo pouco conhecido e bastante desafiador, dessa forma, o estudo de preditores dessa ocorrência estão sendo cada vez mais explorados. Objetivo: analisar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes que apresentaram recidiva após transplante hepático como terapia curativa para Carcinoma Hepatocelular, dentro dos critérios de Milão, no serviço de transplante hepático situado no Hospital Meridional em Cariacica – ES. Material e Método: Estudo retrospectivo, transversal, descritivo, das ocorrências de recidiva de CHC após transplante hepático entre os anos de 2007 e 2020 com dados coletados a partir da revisão de prontuários fornecidos pelo no serviço de transplante hepático situado no Hospital Meridional em Cariacica – ES. Resultados: A taxa de incidência de recidiva pós-TH nesse estudo foi de 12,7% em 13 anos. A média de idade ao transplante foi de 57 anos e a média do tempo de fila foi de 5 meses. Os 8 pacientes se encaixavam no Critério de Milão no momento do transplante, sendo que 4 precisaram ser previamente submetidos a “down-staging”. A média das dosagens de AFP obtidas no momento do diagnóstico do CHC foi aproximadamente 270. A dosagem de AFP no diagnóstico da recidiva apresentou um padrão de valores elevados, com média de aproximadamente 2311 ng/mg. A média de tempo transcorrido do transplante até a recidiva foi de 17 meses. Os sítios de recidiva foram variados, sendo pulmão e fígado os mais frequentes. A porcentagem de óbito foi de 62,5%. Conclusão: No presente estudo, o perfil dos pacientes com recidiva de CHC pós-TH concordam, majoritariamente, com o padrão nacional e mundial, reforçando a importância de alguns preditores de recidiva que ainda se encontram em fase de estudo. Palavras Chave: Carcinoma hepatocelular, Transplante hepático, Recidiva Abstract Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is responsible for about 90% of liver cancer cases, being the most common histological type. Liver transplantation is the main therapy recommended for HCC, however, the lack of organs, together with the increase in the number of patients who are eligible for this choice of treatment, are factors that lead to a need of careful selection of liver recipients. Recurrence of post-transplant HCC is a systemic disease that has a drastic impact on patient survival. It is also known that its approach is still a little-known and very challenging field, thus, the study of predictors of this occurrence is being increasingly explored. Aim: Analyze the clinical-epidemiological profile of patients who presented recurrence after liver transplantation as curative therapy for HCC, within the Milan criteria, in the liver transplant service located at Hospital Meridional in Cariacica – ES. Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study of the occurrences of HCC recurrence after liver transplantation between 2007 and 2020 with data collected from the review of medical records provided by the liver transplant service located at Hospital Meridional in Cariacica - ES. Results: The incidence rate of post-HT recurrence in this study was 12.7% in 13 years. The average age at transplant was 57 years and the average waiting time was 5 months. The 8 patients met the Milan Criterion at the time of transplantation, and 4 had to be previously submitted to “down-staging”. The mean of the AFP dosages obtained at the time of HCC diagnosis was approximately 270. The AFP dosage at the diagnosis of relapse showed a pattern of high values, averaging approximately 2311 ng/mg. The average time from transplant to recurrence was 17 months. The sites of recurrence were varied, with lung and liver being the most frequent. The percentage of death was 62.5%. Conclusions: In the present study, the profile of patients with post-HT HCC recurrence agrees, for the most part, with the national and world standard, reinforcing the importance of some recurrence predictors that are still in the study phase. Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma, Liver transplantation, Recurrence
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