The term arteriovenous fistula aneurysm is used in medicine to define that it is a localized vascular dilatation, where the entire vessel wall participates increasing the vascular diameter by 50% or more. General objective: To review the scientific evidence on determining the risk factors and prevalence of arteriovenous fistula aneurysm in hemodialysis patients. Methodology: We worked with a descriptive approach method regarding the search strategies, we used scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, by combining keywords which allowed us to select articles in Spanish and English between the years of publication 2015 to 2021, we chose those that had some relation with the topic to be addressed. Main results: The method used in the research will be hypothetical deductive, it will use a non-experimental design of descriptive level, which will collect the information in a period of the last 5 years, whose results will be visualized graphically and textually. Conclusion: Significant evidence to affirm the observed factors if they are significantly associated with the formation of aneurysms in arteriovenous fistula, with a p-value < 0.05, affirming or nullifying the hypothesis posed for these factors.