RESULTS:In 2005, 61.6% of young interviewees had practiced sex and the average age for fi rst intercourse was 14.9, with no signifi cant difference to young interviewees in 1998. Condom use during fi rst sexual intercourse increased signifi cantly in both stable relationships (48.5% in 1998 vs. 67.7% in 2005) and casual relationships (47.2% in 1998 vs. 62.6% in 2005) across almost all segments. There were differences by gender, skin color and schooling for both age of fi rst sexual intercourse and condom use, as per fi ndings in 1998. Decreases in condom use for young people who were sexually active before the age of 14, across all types of partnerships, were marked in the Southeast region and for people with more schooling.
CONCLUSIONS:As in other countries, there was a trend towards the stabilizing of the age of fi rst sexual intercourse for young people aged 15 to 19. The postponement of the fi rst sexual intercourse is more frequent among youth with more years of schooling, a theme that should be discussed in the planning of sexual education and STI prevention initiatives for adolescents. In terms of reductions in vulnerability to HIV, the increase in condom use at fi rst sexual intercourse is both relevant and signifi cant.
new prevention technologies must not lose sight of the critical importance of condoms, and efforts to reintroduce them should focus on the role of pleasure in addition to their potential to minimize the risk of HIV.
Resumo: O recrudescimento da epidemia de HIV entre gays e outros homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH) é revelador de limitações ou fracasso nas políticas de prevenção direcionadas a este grupo. Com base nas abordagens teóricas da vulnerabilidade e do Cuidado, analisamos o panorama das políticas de prevenção do HIV/aids voltados a gays e outros HSH, recorrendo a documentos nacionais que fundamentam políticas de prevenção do HIV/aids e a documentos produzidos por organizações não governamentais e pelas Conferências Nacionais LGBT. Identificamos, nos documentos analisados, três leituras acerca das políticas de prevenção: a) epidemiológica; b) da responsabilidade preventiva; c) baseada nos direitos humanos e na vulnerabilidade. A disputa, a negação e a hegemonia de cada uma dessas perspectivas nos diferentes momentos permitem compreender parte dos desafios e das barreiras enfrentados na prevenção do HIV e da aids entre gays e outros HSH. A análise efetivada mostra mudanças na intensidade e na qualidade do diálogo socioestatal. A frágil formalização e a abrangência restrita dos documentos destacam-se como limitações na efetuação de uma abordagem de prevenção efetivamente fundamentada na vulnerabilidade e nos direitos humanos, bem como na incorporação da perspectiva do Cuidado público. Reiteramos a importância do diálogo qualificado com os sujeitos implicados nas políticas para audição de suas necessidades, de seus anseios e críticas.
This study confirmed that the determinants of condom use among youth during last sexual intercourse vary according to whether the partner was casual or steady. Prevention campaigns should develop specific messages for each of these contexts.
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