In this study, the objective was to prepare and characterize films with different concentrations of demineralized whey (3–10%) and gelatin (1–3%) containing glycerol (10–70%) as a plasticizer and chitosan or nanochitosan as an additive. Mechanical properties, thickness, grammage, opacity, moisture content, water, and ethanol solubilities of the obtained films were determined. The formation of films without glycerol and gelatin was not possible. A higher gelatin concentration led to more desirable mechanical properties. Thickness, grammage, opacity, and moisture content remained almost constant after increasing gelatin concentration. Heightening glycerol concentrations raised water and ethanol solubility. Despite presenting high water solubility, the films showed low ethanol solubility. The formulation containing whey (3%), glycerol (20%), gelatin (3%), and chitosan (0.1%) resulted in the highest performing film concerning physical and mechanical aspects. Through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, it was possible to observe the displacement and the frequency reduction of the band near 3,300 cm−1, revealing different protein interactions. It indicates that hydrogen bonds occur between the amino group and OH of the protein molecules reducing film hydrophilicity. Contact angle measurements also showed a less hydrophilic character. The films present the potential to prolong the shelf life of food, such as dairy products.
RESUMO -Os processos de separação por membranas têm demonstrado grande importância nos últimos anos em uma gama de aplicações. Neste mesmo âmbito e considerando o alto volume de soro de leite gerado na produção de queijo, além de seu elevado potencial poluidor, a busca por técnicas adequadas de fracionamento, modificação e preservação das proteínas do soro tem se intensificado. Foi verificado que a utilização de membranas de eletrodiálise e osmose inversa, no tratamento de efluentes gerados na produção de queijos se apresentam como métodos atraentes e econômicos. O objetivo do trabalho é comparar modelos matemáticos dos processos de concentração e purificação do soro de leite com dados experimentais. Alvitrou-se um modelo matemático para o processo de purificação da lactose por eletrodiálise e para o processo de recuperação da água por osmose inversa. Os modelos mostraramse adequados ao início do processo e no decorrer houve discrepâncias, por não considerarem o fenômeno de fouling.
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