Canalis sinuosus (CS) is a neurovascular canal that corresponds to a small branch of the infraorbital canal. It contains the anterior superior alveolar nerve and vessels, supplying the anterior maxilla. Despite having been described 81 years ago, CS is not recognized by many dental practitioners and may be the cause of unintended injuries during dental procedures. The aims of this study are to report a case of a patient who suffered pain due to exposure of the CS, to provide a comprehensive review of other CS cases that were challenging to diagnose, and to propose guidelines for preoperative examination of patients undergoing surgical procedures in the anterior maxilla. The review of the literature revealed six cases, in addition to the one presented here, of unintended or potential damage to CS. Five out of seven cases were related to dental implant placement and resulted in postoperative pain and/or paresthesia. The dental implant was removed in 4 out of the 5 cases. This study reinforces the importance of awareness of CS by dental practitioners and provides a protocol for the preoperative examination of the patient to prevent avoidable injuries to CS.

Highlights ADRB2 high /SLC6A2 high tumors presented enhanced aggressiveness ADRB2 high /SLC6A2 high tumors had cell stemness inhibited Fifty-six drugs were identified as potential targets for personalized treatment

Introduction Canalis sinuosus (CS) is a neurovascular canal that corresponds to a small branch of the infraorbital canal. This study aimed at assessing the knowledge and detection performance of CS amongst dentists and dental students. Materials and Methods Four‐hundred and five dentists and dental students answered a questionnaire with three parts: 1. Socio‐demographical; 2. Clinical cases with cone‐ beam computed tomography (CBCT) sections showing CS and 3. Previous knowledge about CS. The chi‐squared test and Spearman's correlation test were used to compare results as appropriate. p‐values below .05 were considered statistically significant. Results Most participants did not identify CS in any CBCT. There was an association between the number of correct answers and dental specialties. Most individuals had not learned about CS previously. There was an association between past knowledge of CS and gender, highest academic degree, working environment, dental specialty and number of correct answers but not with age or experience in Dentistry. Conclusion This study suggests that most dentists are not aware about CS and do not know how to diagnose it. Previous knowledge about CS positively influenced its identification in CBCT.

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favorable prognosis without oral retinoid treatment, suggesting that long-term survival cannot be solely attributed to oral retinoids.Whether the favorable prognosis in HI is linked to specific ABCA12 mutations in patients remains uncertain.ABCA12 encodes a group of highly conserved proteins involved in the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporter system, presumed to play a role in lipid transport. 2 Severe ABCA12 mutations disrupt lipid transport through lamellar granules in keratinocytes, resulting in abnormal assembly or formation of the epidermal keratinocyte surface lipid barrier and the manifestation of HI. 8 Most ABCA12 mutations in HI are truncation mutations, present as either homozygous or compound heterozygous truncations. 3 Reported ABCA12 mutations in HI include truncation mutations, missense mutations, exon deletions, and single amino acid deletions. 9 To induce the HI phenotype, at least one mutation on each allele must be a truncation or deletion mutation in a conserved region, leading to a significant loss of ABCA12 protein function. 9 The c.5932C>T variant in exon 40 found in our patient is predicted to result in a nonsense mutation at position 1978 (p.Gln1978*), leading to a truncated protein. The c.56T>A variant in exon 1 is predicted to cause an alternative amino acid substitution at position 19 (p.Val19Glu). To the best of our knowledge, both ABCA12 mutations identified in our patients are novel. In conclusion, there is limited understanding of the course and prognosis of HI because of the high neonatal mortality rate. Our report highlights two siblings with HI who have achieved longterm survival, exhibiting improved dermatological symptoms and irreversible digital autoamputation caused by cutaneous constriction bands. Additionally, we identified novel ABCA12 mutations in our patients. Despite advances in medical care, HI still presents a risk of fatality, emphasizing the importance of early prenatal diagnosis facilitated by the discovery of new mutations.