ResumoCissus sicyoides L. (cipó-anil, insulina vegetal), pertence à família Vitacea, é muito empregada pela população para o tratamento de diabetes. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar uma triagem fitoquímica do extrato hidroalcóolico das folhas de C. sicyoides para utilizá-lo como fonte primária na realização do ensaio toxicológico com Artemia salina L. Foram realizados testes fitoquímicos do extrato hidroalcoólico das folhas de C. sicyoides para pesquisa dos metabólitos secundários e foi avaliado a atividade toxicológica utilizando cistos de A. salina para quantificar a concentração letal média (CL50). O extrato apresentou esteróides, taninos, flavonóides e saponinas, compostos que já haviam sido encontrados em outros estudos dessa espécie. Apresentou alta toxicidade frente à A. salina, reportando Concentração Letal Média (CL50) de 930,7 g mL -1 , servindo de parâmetro para a realização de estudos posteriores em modelos animais com a pretensão de alcançar mais resultados para um uso seguro da planta da C. sicyoides.Palavras-chave: Artemia salina, ecotoxicologia, etnobotânica, plantas medicinais, fitoquímica. Toxicity of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Cissus sicyoidesAbstract Cissus sicyoides L. (cipó-anil, vegetal insulin) belongs to the family Vitacea. It is much used by the population for the treatment of diabetes. The objective of this research was to perform a phytochemical screening of the hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of C. sicyoides to be used as primary source in the toxicological test with Artemia salina L. Were be phytochemical tests on the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of C. sicyoides for research on secondary metabolites and was evaluated the toxicological activity using A. saline cysts to quantify the mean lethal concentration (CL50). The extract presented steroids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins, compounds that had already been found in other studies of this species. It presented high toxicity to A. salina, reporting a Mean Lethal Concentration (CL50) of 930.7 g mL -1 , serving as a parameter for the accomplishment of later studies in animal models with the pretension to reach more results for a safe use of C. sicyoides.Keywords: Artemia salina, ecotoxicology, ethnobotany, medicinal plants, phytochemistry. IntroduçãoDesde os primórdios, os recursos naturais, em especial as plantas, têm sido um dos elos entre o homem e a natureza, pois os homens pré-históricos já faziam uso das plantas para amenizar o sofrimento dos males físicos que lhes acometiam (Sharma et al., 2014). O homem primitivo, no meio de tentativas e erros, teve de adquirir conhecimentos e através destes e observar quais as plantas poderiam ser utilizadas como alimento, medicamento e ainda destacar as que fossem venenosas ou perigosas. Com o passar do tempo, o poder curativo das plantas, tornou-se muito importante para ser esquecido e o homem começou a sistematizar o seu uso (Allen, 2016).

Thiosemicarbazones are well known for their broad spectrum of action, including antitumoral and antiparasitic activities. Thiosemicarbazones work as chelating binders, reacting with metal ions. The objective of this work was to investigate the in silico, in vitro, and in vivo toxicity and oxidative stress of 2-acetylpyridine-N(4)-orthochlorophenyl thiosemicarbazone (TSC01). The in silico prediction showed good absorption by biological membranes and no theoretical toxicity. Also, the compound did not show cytotoxicity against Hep-G2 and HT-29 cells. In the acute nonclinical toxicological test, the animals treated with TSC01 showed behavioral changes of stimulus of the central nervous system (CNS) at 300 mg/kg. One hour after administration, a dose of 2000 mg/kg caused depressive signs. All changes disappeared after 24 h, with no deaths, which suggest an estimated LD50 of 5000 mg/kg and GSH 5. The group treated with 2000 mg/kg had an increase of water consumption and weight gain in the second week. The biochemical parameters presented no toxicity relevance, and the analysis of oxidative stress in the liver found an increase of lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide. However, histopathological analysis showed organ integrity was maintained without any changes. In conclusion, the results show the low toxicological potential of thiosemicarbazone derivative, indicating future safe use.

Sida rhombifolia L., popularly known in Brazil as "SIDA" or "mata-pasto", is considered a weed; a plant of the American continent and widely distributed in North Africa, belongs to the Malvaceae family. In Brazil, S. rhombifolia L. is scattered throughout the national territory, infesting agricultural crops. Certain species of the genus Sida, including S. rhombifolia, are widely used in Indian, Chinese, African and American medicine. The present study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the nonclinical acute toxicity of crude ethanolic extract (CEE) obtained from S. rhombifolia L. In treated males, there was a statistically significant reduction in water and feed intake. Biochemical analyzes showed statistically significant changes in the parameters of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and creatinine; hematological parameters showed altered erythrocytes, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and eosinophil parameters; observed only in treated male animals. The animals' organs showed no significant changes. The results suggest that the ethanolic extract obtained from S. rhombifolia L. presents low acute dose toxicity. However, chronic toxicological studies should be performed to demonstrate the safety of long-term use of the drug.

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