The effects of the drying process using the conventional oven and freeze-drying on the thermogravimetric profile, proximate composition, color parameters, individual bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity in the grape residue (skin) were evaluated. Twenty individual phenolic compounds were identified, where a variation in concentration was observed for flavonols, stilbenes, phenolic acids, flavonoids, procyanidins, and particularly anthocyanins (malvidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside of 253.2–536.9 mg/kg) due to the drying process. Drying in a conventional oven caused a decrease of 23% of the total polyphenols. The skin of the BRS magna grape has a high concentration of total phenolic content of 489.5–148.3 mg.GAE/100 g, total anthocyanin content of 124.9–260.1 mg.CE/100 g, and total flavonoid content of 12.7–26.0 mg.QE/100 g. The results of free radical scavenging activity (1.26–4.91 μg/mL, as EC50) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (82.93–184.10 μmol/g of skin as equivalent to Fe2SO4) indicate high antioxidant activity, independently of the drying process applied. It was concluded that, if the application is directed to anthocyanin compounds, the use of lyophilization is recommended. On the other hand, if the interest is in bioactive compounds that exert antioxidant activity, conventional oven-drying can be used.

ABSTRACT. An experiment was carried out with female broilers, aiming to evaluate the effect of using probiotics and symbiotics on growth performance and yield of carcasses and of the main commercial cuts and edible viscera. A total of 720 one-day-old Cobb chicks, distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments and six replicates of 30 birds each at a stocking density of 10 birds per square meter (m 2 ). At 42 days old two broilers of each experimental unit were sacrificed to evaluate the carcass yield and its parts. The carcass yield was not affected by the inclusion of probiotics and symbiotics in the diet being equivalent to the antibiotic group. No significant difference was observed among the treatments, even in the controls that did not receive any additive factor. All the performance parameters were similar for the four treatments, with the exception of weight gain, that was significantly lower in probiotic treatment. It was concluded that these additives are important alternative to replace antibiotics as growth enhancers, which have already been banned in many countries.Keywords: poultry farming; additions; performance.Desempenho e rendimento de carcaças de frangos de corte fêmeas alimentados com dietas contendo probióticos e simbióticos como alternativa aos melhoradores de crescimento RESUMO. Foi realizado um experimento com frangos de corte fêmeas, objetivando-se avaliar o efeito da utilização de probióticos e simbióticos sobre o desempenho e rendimento de carcaça e dos principais cortes comerciais e vísceras comestíveis destes animais. Foram utilizados 720 pintos de um dia de idade da linhagem Cobb, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições de 30 aves cada em uma densidade de 10 aves/metro quadrado (m 2 ). Aos 42 dias de idade foram abatidos dois frangos por repetição, para a avaliação do rendimento de carcaça e suas partes. A inclusão de probióticos e simbióticos na ração não proporcionou diferença significativa no rendimento de carcaça e suas partes sendo equivalente ao tratamento com antibióticos. Não foi observada diferença significativa entre os tratamentos, inclusive nos controles que não receberam qualquer fator aditivo. Da mesma forma os demais parâmetros de desempenho foram equivalentes para os quatro tratamentos, com exceção do ganho de peso, que foi significativamente menor no tratamento probiótico. Conclui-se que esses aditivos são uma alternativa importante na substituição dos antibióticos como melhoradores de crescimento, os quais já foram banidos em muitos países.