Introduction: Prematurity and low birth weight are conditions that may compromise the normal development of a child at different stages of development. Considering that these conditions may cause delay in the acquisition of motor skills, it is important to evaluate, detect and prevent possible changes in motor development. Objective:To investigate the influence of prematurity and low birth weight on the motor development of children of three years old relating chronological age to general motor age.Methods: This is an analysis of five cases of preterm children 32.1 (± 1.82) weeks and underweight 1704 (± 384.41) grams, mean chronological age of 43.2 (± 2.59) months, evaluated through the Motor Development Scale (MDS) in the Laboratory of Electromyography and Kinematics (LAELCIN) of the Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), considering general motor age (GMA) and chronological age (CA) as variables. Case:The five preterm and low birth weight children presented a difference between the mean general motor age (37.6 ± 7.40) months and the mean chronological age (43.2 ± 2.59) months, indicating delayed motor development. Conclusion:It was observed the absence of linearity of the variables, indicating delay in the motor development, thus justifying the necessity and importance of the longitudinal monitoring of this population for early detection and intervention.Suggested citation: de Sousa GVG, Lage JB, Guimarães EL. Motor development analysis of three-year-old children born preterm through the Motor Development Scale -Case Report. Open acessWhat is the purpose of this study? It is a paper from the Physiotherapy graduation process, derived from the doctoral research "Effect of specific training on manual reaching ability in preterm infants". During the initial research, the infants were evaluated and those who presented some indication of development delay due to prematurity and low birth weight were referred for early intervention. What researchers did and found?After three years of the initial evaluation, the researchers verified the overall motor development of this population. Therefore, the children who attended and whose parents agreed to participate in the present study were re-evaluated through the Motor Development Scale (MDS). It was observed that the three-year-old children still had developmental delays, especially in spatial and temporal organization, and according to the mothers' reports, they had been submitted to early stimulation with physical therapy until the independent gait ability. However, they could not say how long the children were followed, thus justifying the need for longitudinal and multidisciplinary follow-up, even after gait acquisition. What do these findings mean?Such findings are relevant to professionals, parents, caregivers and family members' awareness of the need for early multidisciplinary intervention programs with longitudinal follow-up of preterm and underweight children.