Atherosclerosis can involve several areas, resulting in various degrees of the vascular disease. Patients with peripheral arterial disease of the lower limbs (LEAD, lower extremity artery disease) represent a significant percentage of the vascular disease population. Therefore, the main objective of physicians who examine a patient with LEAD is to intervene on the risk factors (common to all cardiovascular diseases) using different therapeutic approaches: exercise, specific drugs and ultimately the surgical or percutaneous revascularization. The aim of this review is to summarize the key findings and the updates in the field of diagnostic methods and non-surgical therapeutic approaches for this disease.