This paper reviews the extent of reductions in tariffs in environmental goods

asymmetric information, credence goods, Fair Trade, indeterminate goods, labels, uncertainty,

Th is book was originally published in French in 2020, by Agence française de developpement, under the title Les systèmes agroalimentaires en Afrique: repenser le rôle des marchés. In case of discrepancies, the French-language version will govern.Th is work is a product of the staff of Th e World Bank with external contributions. Th e fi ndings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily refl ect the views of Th e World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent, or Agence française de développement. Th e World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of Th e World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of Th e World Bank, all of which are specifi cally reserved.

The increasing importance of premium segments and the proliferation of private labels and certification schemes raise skepticism about the ability of Fair Trade (FT) to help smallholders compete in high value-added markets. Based on a panel dataset collected in Mali in 2008, this paper contributes to the debate by estimating the impact of FT on the quality of Malian cotton. Controlling for selection bias and for a potential increase in quality prior to FT certification, results show a significant impact of FT on the quality of cotton produced by both certified and geographically close non-certified growers via spillover effects.

No abstract