Questo saggio offre un contributo alla storia dell’“Ermeneutica Giuridica Contemporanea” (EGC), di cui pone in evidenza l’elemento di unità e, al contempo, di distinzione dalle altre forme di ermeneutica giuridica. Determinante al riguardo è il principio storiografico secondo cui la delimitazione dei movimenti di pensiero deve avvenire ricostruendo la questione che sta alla base della loro nascita ed evoluzione. In tale prospettiva viene innanzitutto criticata un’opinione diffusa, che raffigura l’EGC come il prodotto dell’adattamento dell’ermeneutica filosofica gadameriana alla sfera giuridica. In alternativa si assume che la questione fondamentale dell’EGC, relativa alla correlazione tra elemento normativo ed elemento fattuale nella sfera del diritto, si sia imposta per la prima volta nell’opera di Gustav Radbruch. Tale ipotesi è sottoposta a verifica nella parte centrale del saggio, mediante la ricostruzione del sistema di pensiero radbruchiano e l’indicazione delle sue principali figure e lacune ermeneutico-giuridiche.
In contemporary legal epistemology it is common to talk about the «paradox of expert testimony», which can be formulated as follows: «how can the judge assess information provided by an expert witness if he needs him precisely because of his own lack of adequate specialist knowledge?». The goal of the paper is to show that this paradox is only apparent. To pursue it I first of all review the history of the ideas of free evaluation of evidence and proof beyond any reasonable doubt in the civil law and common law traditions, in order to address the theoretical problem of their nature in contemporary law systems. Then I propose a taxonomy of the judicial approaches to the role of experts at trial, concluding that none of these approaches, except one («the gatekeeper judge»"), is consistent with both above-mentioned principles. Lastly, I look in depth at the gatekeeper judge approach, showing that a real assessment of expert information is possible, so that the paradox of expert testimony depends only on a faulty understanding of both activities.
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