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The aim of this study is evaluate the use of membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment Mazandaran pulp and paper Industry. The qualification of wastewater is case study and Characteristics of this industry wastewater were determined by different experiments such as: COD, BOD, Color, densitometry, viscometry and TG/DTA analyzer. Also, the color creating agents in the investigated wastewater was characterized. Then In this study, flux, retention, and permeate quality of various Nanofiltration and low-pressure reverse osmosis membranes were investigated at two temperatures and by using a low shear (DSS Labstak M20®) and a high shear (CR250/2) filter. The overall aim was to study the suitability of Nanofiltration in purification of the discharge water from external activated sludge processes in the pulp and paper industry for reuse in the paper manufacturing process and to compare the results to Nanofiltration of paper machine process waters. The discharge waters were nanofiltered at a higher flux than paper machine process waters. The permeate was almost free of color and organic compounds but contained significantly more inorganic compounds than the permeate from the filtration of process waters. To successfully remove monovalent anions and inorganic carbon from the discharge water a low-pressure reverse osmosis membrane such as the TFC ULP membrane is needed. With that membrane the permeate flux is lower than for Nanofiltration membranes but the permeate quality is significantly better when M. Khosravi et al. considering inorganic ions such as sodium, chloride, nitrate and inorganic carbon (bicarbonate). The permeate flux was two times higher in the high shear filter than in the low shear filter but the retentions were significantly lower. The result of this study: decrease pollutants parameter in Tajan Rivers that is effluent because attention to surface water quality has limited in Iran.

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Biofouling is one of the drawbacks restricting the industrial applications of membranes. In this study, different thicknesses of silver nanoparticles with proper adhesion were deposited on poly(vinylidenefluoride) (PVDF) and polyethersulfone (PES) surfaces by physical vapor deposition (PVD). The crystalline and structural properties of modified and pure membranes were investigated by carrying out X-ray diffraction (XRD) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses were employed to examine the surface morphology and the bacteria anti-adhesion property of the membranes. The morphology measurements confirmed that even though after silver grafting the surface became more hydrophobic, the homogeneity increased and the flux reduction decreased after coating. Moreover a comparison between PVDF and PES revealed that CFU (colony forming units) reduced 64.5% on PVDF surface and 31.1% on PES surface after modification. In conclusion, PVD improved the performance of the membrane antibiofouling, and it is more promising to be used for PVDF rather than PES.