The effects of undernutrition on ketone metabolism and its relation to brain growth in developing rats were studied. In the first series of experiments, undernutrition was induced by increasing the litterr size from 4 to 16 pups. Body weight of pups was inversely related to litter size. Increasing the litter size lowered brain weight by 6-16% and liver weight by 20-46%. The ratio of brain weight:body weight was greater by 16 to 39% in the larger litters. Increasing the litter size did not alter concentration of brain lipid. liver glycogen or plasma ketone bodies. In the second series of experiments, undernutrition was induced by restricting maternal dietary intake to 40% of that of the control dam. This undernutrition caused a more pronounced growth retardation than that resulting from increasing litte size. At 14 days of age, the mean body weight of the undernourished group was 44% lower than the control value. The dietary restriction lowered brain weight by 19%, liver weight by 38%, liver glycogen by 47%, brain lipid by 11%, plasma ketone bodies by 30%, glucose by 37% and the rate of hepatic ketogenesis by 28%. The results suggest that brain-growth retardation is related to low brain lipids and impaired ketone metabolism.

No abstract

4 The figures on trade and investment are based on Tables 1 and 3 below in the text, and those for profit on assumed earning rates for the years 1910-14 (average), 1916, and 1918 of: trade-20, 50 and 30 % of goods' value; shipping-2, 5 and 3 % of goods' value; loans-7 % of principal; and investments-30, 10 and nil % of capital. 5 Russian economic policy toward the United States in 1910-11 rested on formulations periodically enunciated across the preceding decade or so, e.g.: [Count] M. N. Muraviev [Russian Foreign Minister] to [Count] A.

The swelling flood of historical materials in the twentieth century has created unprecedented problems of assimilation for the historian. Both specialized researchers and those simply trying to keep abreast of what has been published find themselves in ever greater need of abstracts, comprehensive surveys, and bibliographies. That portion of the literature not outfitted with such buoys seems destined to sink beneath the inundation of new materials, to pass out of the general view into murky, seldom-explored depths where it will lie unused, perhaps soon to be altogether forgotten, whatever its intrinsic value. The voluminous writings of the British historian G. D. H. Cole, as yet unprovided with the kind of aids in question, fall into this unfortunate category. This bibliographical list and commentary has been prepared in the hope of helping remove them from it.