<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background: </span></strong>As per WHO’s “Global Tuberculosis Report, 2012”, India accounts for an estimated 64000 patients out of 310000 cases of drug resistant TB estimated to have occurred amongst the notified cases of TB across the globe in a year. <strong> </strong><span lang="EN-US">MDR-TB is a man-made phenomenon– poor treatment; poor drugs, poor adherence lead to the development of MDR-TB. </span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Treatment of MDR-TB is difficult, much costlier, challenging and needs experience and skills. Reserve drugs are frequently associated with high rates of unacceptable adverse drug reactions, needing change of regimen. Therefore, it is imperative to monitor and treat adverse drug reactions. <strong></strong></span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods: </span></strong>The present prospective observational study was carried out at Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Centre at Govt. Medical College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, to monitor patients for early detection of adverse events after starting treatment till the patients were admitted and later followed up personally or telephonically at regular intervals.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> We observed adverse drug reactions among </span>90/265 (33.96 %) patients of whom 90/265 (33.96 %) had gastro intestinal ADRs, followed by ototoxicity 15/265 (5.66%), psychiatric manifestations 14/265 (5.28%), injection site pain swelling 13/265 (4.90%), arthralgia 11/265 (4.15%), dermatological ADRs 7/265 (2.64%), peripheral neuropathy 5/265 (1.88%), renal dysfunction 3/265 (1.13%), <span lang="EN-US">change of therapy was only required in 13 psychiatric and 12 ototoxic ADRs.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> ADRs are more common in MDR TB patients on second line anti tubercular treatment. Good counseling, spacing drugs, high protein diet helps patients to tolerate therapy better and default rate to drop.</span></p>

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> Since 2009, Government Medical College, Aurangabad, a tertiary care hospital in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India, has been regularly admitting cases of pneumonia and ARDS, that are labeled as swine flu suspects.</span> Oseltamivir is effective in swine flu cases if given within 48 hours and better, within 24 hours of start of illness. However most of our patients do not get oseltamivir within 48 hours. Hence we decided to compare the outcome in patients who received oseltamivir within 48 hours and after that.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> This is an observational, cross-sectional study comparing the time lag between the start of symptoms and getting the first dose of oseltamivir. 59 H1N1 positive patients were admitted to the swine flu ward between January to May 2015. We compared the two groups, one that received oseltamivir within 48 hours of start of symptoms and one that received after 48 hours and compared it with the outcome, i. e survival or death.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results: </span></strong>38 patients (64.40%) in our study belonged to the age group of 31-50. Out of 59 positive patients, only 7 received oseltamivir within 48 hours, of whom 4 died. 52 received oseltamivir after 48 hours of whom 20 died. All the 11 who were given non-invasive ventilation, whereas only 1 of the 25 on invasive ventilation survived.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions: </span></strong>Oseltamavir does not appear to have made a difference for survival whether it was given within 48 hours as compared to after 48 hours of onset of symptoms. However, these two groups were not comparable.</p>

<p class="abstract"><span lang="EN-US">Tuberous sclerosis is a neurocutaneous syndrome with an autosomal dominant inheritance. Tuberous sclerosis complex Syndrome caused by mutations of either the TSC1 orTSC2 gene encoding hamartin and tuberin respectively. It is characterized by the development of benign tumors; the most common oral manifestations of TSC are fibromas (angiofibromas), gingival hyperplasia and enamel hypoplasia and the formation of hamartomas in multiple organ systems leading to morbidity and mortality. Familial tuberous sclerosis probably occurs more often than is indicated by the literature: many family members show signs of being carriers of gene for the disease when carefully examined. We report a case of 25 year old female with the features of Tuberous sclerosis complex like seizures, papules over the cheek, shagreen patch, hypomelanotic macule on arm, buttacks, pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis, subependymal nodules and tubers in brain, angiomyolipoma in both kidneys and Cardiac rhabdomyoma. This article reports on a family with documented tuberous sclerosis in three generations.</span></p>

<p class="abstract">Breast tuberculosis is a rare type of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. This paper reports 2 cases of breast tuberculosis confirmed histopathologically. Aim of this study is to increase awareness about this entity, as otherwise it may be missed and mistaken for breast carcinoma (which should of course always be considered or ruled out primarily).</p>