The degree of asymmetric handedness was measured by a 22-item hand preference questionnaire in a sample of 442 Indian subjects. Factor analysis of the data for right-handers yielded four item-clusters: Gross activities, skilled activities (general), skilled activities (specific), and activities subject to social pressure. Identical analysis for left-handers yielded three item-clusters: Activities that are executed with difficulty, with ease, and with greater frequency.The degree of asymmetric handedness in right-handers was positively (high) correlated with an index of social pressure against left-hand use, especially for the items, writing and eating. The correlation was negative (moderate) in left-handers, however, who had preferred the right hand for eating purposes. Le degrt de lattralitt manuelle asymmttrique a ttC mesurC chez un tchantillon de 442 sujets Indiens h l'aide d'un questionnaire de prtfkrence manuelle comprenant 22 items. L'analyse factorielle des donntes pour les droitiers a livrt quatre regroupements d'items: les activitts globales, les activit6s sptcialisees (en general), les activitts sptcialistes (en particulier) et les activitts sujettes A la pression sociale. Une analyse identique effectute pour les gauchers a permis l'obtention de trois regroupements d'items: les activitts extcuttes avec difficulte, avec facilitt et en grand nombre. Le degrt de lattralitt manuelle asymmttrique chez les droitiers ktait en corrtlation positive (Clevte) avec un indicateur de pression sociale contre I'utilisation de la main gauche, plus sptcialement pour les items d'tcriture et de noumture. Une corrtlation negative (modCree) a Cte observee chez les gauchers qui, toutefois, avaient une prtftrence pour la main droite en ce qui a trait h la noumture.

High ortho selectivity for Ir-catalyzed C–H borylations (CHBs) of anilines results when B2eg2 (eg = ethylene glycolate) is used as the borylating reagent in lieu of B2pin2, which is known to give isomeric mixtures with anilines lacking a blocking group at the 4-position. With this modification, high selectivities and good yields are now possible for various anilines, including those with groups at the 2- and 3-positions. Experiments indicate that ArylN(H)Beg species are generated prior to CHB and support the improved ortho selectivity relative to B2pin2 reactions arising from smaller Beg ligands on the Ir catalyst. The lowest-energy transition states (TSs) from density functional theory computational analyses have N–H···O hydrogen-bonding interactions between PhN(H)Beg and O atoms in Beg ligands. Ir-catalyzed CHB of PhN(H)Me with B2eg2 is also highly ortho-selective. 1H NMR experiments show that N-borylation fully generates PhN(Me)Beg prior to CHB. The TS with the lowest Gibbs energy was the ortho TS, in which the Beg unit is oriented anti to the bipyridine ligand.

An electrostatically directed meta borylation of sterically biased and unbiased substrates is described. The borylation follows an electrostatic interaction between the partially positive and negative charges between the ligand and substrate. With this strategy, it has been demonstrated that a wide number of challenging substrates, especially 4-substituted substrates, can selectively be borylated at the meta position. Moreover, unsubstituted substrates also displayed excellent meta selectivity. The reaction employs a bench-stable ligand and proceeds at a milder temperature, precluding the need to synthesize a bulky and sophisticated ligand/template.

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We report herein a process involving the active role of tetrahydrofuran hydroperoxide and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane that allows controlled synthesis of functional gold nanoparticles.