No abstract

This review focus on strong association of smoking and alcohol use with a variety of adverse human health effects, most prominently with cancer and cardiovascular diseases and a number of negative outcomes as a risk factor for diseases and health impacts: crime, road incidence and for some, alcohol dependence. To keep track of alcohol consumption and smoking and its consequences and to raise awareness amongst the public and policy-makers, national monitoring systems to be developed. Tobacco smoking is highly prevalent throughout the world and is, perhaps, the greatest modifiable risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality. Physicians, Pharmacists, Nurses and other healthcare providers have substantial opportunities to influence the pattern of smoking and alcohol usage. Keywords: Alcohol, Smoking, Coronary Heart Disease, Hepatotoxicity, Cancer, Atherosclerosis, Cytochrome P450 enzymes, Alcohol-Drug Interactions, Smoking-Drug Interactions, Smoking and Alcohol Cessation.