Many attempts have been made to find out correlation and to derive a regression formula between crainofacial measurements and body stature, since the craniofacial remains may be the only available for postmortem examination. This study is to compare craniofacial anthropometric ratios between Egyptian and Bengali populations and to find out the correlation between craniofacial anthropometric measurements and stature with suggesting regression formulae in both populations for stature reconstruction from these dimensions. This cross-sectional analytical study included 100 subjects; 60 Egyptians and 40 Bengalis aged from 18-60 years with normal face patterns. Stature and four craniofacial parameters as maximum head length & breadth, and maximum face breadth &length were measured. The results showed that, all crainofacial parameters were significantly higher in Egyptian males than females. Maximum facial length was significantly higher in Egyptians than Bengalis of both sexes. However, maximum facial breadth and maximum head length were significantly higher in Bengalis than Egyptians of both sexes. The highest correlation coefficient with stature was exhibited by maximum facial breadth in Bengali males (r=0.60), maximum facial length in Egyptian males (r=0.42). On the other hand, in Egyptian and Bengali females, maximum head length showed highest correlation coefficient with stature (r=0.37& r=0.89 respectively). Therefore, the prediction of stature is more reliable from facial dimensions in Bengali and Egyptian males and from cephalic length in both Egyptian and Bengali females.

All right received. AbstractForensic anthropologists employ in estimating stature from fragmented body parts or human skeletal remains. This study aimed at investigating the inter-racial difference between adult Egyptian and Bengali populations regarding the body stature and tibial length, developing regression equation formulae using the percutaneous length of tibia (PCTL) to estimate stature. Four groups of adult male and female Egyptian and Bengali subjects aged ˃21 were recruited randomly. Body height and PCTL were measured using the standard anthropometric technique. The means of the stature of the studied groups exhibited significant differences between all groups (p<0.001) except in Egyptian females versus Bengali male (p=0.067). There was no significant difference within the same sex of both ethnic groups regarding the tibial length (Females p=0 .490) and (Males p=0.905).The measured parameters of males were significantly higher than the corresponding female values. The linear regression equations derived for male and female Egyptian were 94.080+2.145 x T (± 3.57) and 76.617+2.375 x T (± 3.89), respectively. Those for male and female Bengali were 92.500+1.870 x T (± 2.93) and 105.563+1.473 x T (± 2.39), respectively. It was concluded that the derived equations are flexible and retain realistic standard errors that can be used for stature estimation using the length of an intact mutilated leg. These equation formulae are Sex and ethnic specific. Thus, they should be endorsed in anthropological studies for stature estimation among the ethnic groups under this study.

The postmortem diagnosis of death by drowning is one of the most difficult issues in forensic pathology. We investigated possible evidence differentiating saltwater drowning from freshwater drowning by histopathological changes in brain, heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys tissues. A cross section descriptive study was carried out on eighteen 12-week-old male Wistar rats; they were divided equally into 3 groups. Group 1: control group; Group 2: death by drowning in freshwater; Group 3: death by drowning in saltwater. Immediately after death, all tested organs were removed and fixed for histopathological examination. The brain of freshwater group depicted degenerated neurocytes with dystrophic changes in the form of shrunken cell, pyknotic nuclei and deeply eosinophilic cytoplasm. The heart showed clear evidence of myocyte injuries in saltwater drowning compared to the control and freshwater groups. The kidneys of rats drown in saltwater revealed more glomerular destruction with no differences in tubulo-interstitial changes in comparison with those drown in freshwater. In the lungs, the changes in freshwater were restricted to the alveoli, and the bronchial changes were more distinctive in saltwater. No disturbed liver architecture was seen in both test groups, however hydropic degeneration, congested vessels, and sinusoids were more distinct in saltwater group. In conclusion, diagnostic differentiation between fresh and saltwater drowning was reliable in rats' lungs and heart with minimal differentiation in liver, kidneys, and brain. Further studies of drowning with different staining techniques will help to clarify the potential role of histopathological changes in body organs as indicator of drowning.