It has been shown that 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is the immediate precursor of ethylene, which is derived from C-2 and C-3 of ACC. When [1-14C]ACC was administered to etiolated mungbean (Vigna radiata) hypocotyls, -16% of the ACC was converted to ethylene and about 10% of the radioactivity was converted to[14C]asparagine in 7 hr. In etiolated epicotyls of common vetch (Vicia saliva), after 7 hr about 14% of the ACC was converted to ethylene and 16% of the radioactivity was converted to 1 cyanoalanine plus -glutamyl--cyanoalanine. It is known that in most plants cyanide is metabolized to asparagine via the intermediate (3cyanoalanine, whereas in a few plants such as V. saliva, 1-cyanoalanine is converted to the conjugate y-glutamyl-f8-cyanoalanine. We

Chrysanthemyl diphosphate synthase (CPPase) catalyzes the condensation of two molecules of dimethylallyl diphosphate to produce chrysanthemyl diphosphate (CPP), a monoterpene with a non-head-to-tail or irregular c1-2-3 linkage between isoprenoid units. Irregular monoterpenes are common in Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium and related members of the Asteraceae family. In C. cinerariaefolium, CPP is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the pyrethrin ester insecticides. CPPase was purified from immature chrysanthemum flowers, and the N terminus of the protein was sequenced. A C. cinerariaefolium cDNA library was screened by using degenerate oligonucleotide probes based on the amino acid sequence to identify a CPPase clone that encoded a 45-kDa preprotein. The first 50 aa of the ORF constitute a putative plastidial targeting sequence. Recombinant CPPase bearing an N-terminal polyhistidine affinity tag in place of the targeting sequence was purified to homogeneity from an overproducing Escherichia coli strain by Ni 2؉ chromatography. Incubation of recombinant CPPase with dimethylallyl diphosphate produced CPP. The diphosphate ester was hydrolyzed by alkaline phosphatase, and the resulting monoterpene alcohol was analyzed by GC͞MS to confirm its structure. The amino acid sequence of CPPase aligns closely with that of the chain elongation prenyltransferase farnesyl diphosphate synthase rather than squalene synthase or phytoene synthase, which catalyze c1-2-3 cyclopropanation reactions similar to the CPPase reaction.

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