Objective: This study aims to formulate meniran extract into polymeric nanoparticles. Better stability of active substances in formulas compared to unformulated extracts is expected to increase immunomodulatory activity. Methods: Nanoparticles were formulated using ionic gelation method with chitosan and tripolyphosphate polymers. Optimize the mixture of nanoparticles using simplex lattice design (SLD) with the help of Design-Expert (DX) software. Evaluation of particle size and potential zeta using dynamic light scattering (DLS). Interactions between components were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and morphology of the lyophilization results observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Immunomodulatory tests using the latex assay method. The parameters tested included phagocytosis index, phagocytic activity, and nitric oxide secretion. Results: The optimum mixture of the formulation process was obtained in the composition of chitosan 0.270 %, extract 0.626 %, and tripolyphosphate 0.074 % with desirability value of 0.841. Optimal response with particle size 434.7±3.90 d. nm, polydispersity index 0.285±0.03 and entrapment efficiency 62.98±0.65 %. The zeta potential value in the optimum formula is 11.9±0.1 mV with a positive charge. Phagocytosis index and phagocytic activity of nanoparticles differed significantly (p<0.05) compared with unformulated extracts. Conclusion: Meniran extract was successfully formulated into polymeric nanoparticles using chitosan-tripolyphosphate polymer. The developed nanoparticles have the immunomodulatory activity that is better than unformulated extract.

Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) class of drugs, and oral use can cause side effects. Transdermal patch dosage forms are useful for minimizing side effects on oral administration. Transdermal patches are formulated using a special membrane that can control drug release in the matrix system. This study was intended to determine the characteristics of the resulting patch, the optimum composition of the formula, and the profile of the release of transdermal ibuprofen release. The film matrix optimization on the ibuprofen patch formulation uses design of experiment (DoE) approach using factorial design 22. The mixture of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) components gives a pleasant texture, and the release results in vitro show a proper and controlled release of the ibuprofen patch. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the patch has excellent characteristics with a good texture so that the development time is long with the optimum formula of chitosan and HPMC, as well as having a proper and controlled release profile.

Jumlah cadangan karbon dapat diketahui berdasarkan nilai biomassa hutan yang ada didalamnya sehingga diperlukan informasi alokasi biomasa setiap bagian pohon agar membantu program pemantauan cadangan karbon hutan, diantaranya informasi biomassa atas permukaan. Biomassa atas permukaan memiliki kontribusi paling besar dari biomassa total, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan usia suatu pohon memiliki pengaruh terhadap nilai biomassa yang dihasilkan.  Perhitungan nilai biomassa yang akurat hanya dilakukan dengan metode destruktif atau non-destruktif sehingga membutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk menghitung nilai biomassa dalam cakupan yang luas sehingga penggunaan metode penginderaan jauh dan pemodelan merupakan langkah yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi nilai biomassa atas permukaan (Above Ground Biomass atau AGB) pohon karet berdasarkan usia tegakan pohon menggunakan metode Multivariate Linear Regression (MLR). Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan bahwa usia memiliki hubungan dengan nilai biomassa atas permukaan ditunjukkan nilai R2 = 0,694. Hasil pemodelan antara backscatter VH dan VV Sentinel-1A dengan biomassa lapangan didapatkan persamaan Y= 20,034*VH + 15,308*VV + 523,305 (R2=0,592). Hasil total prediksi nilai biomassa atas permukaan kebun karet Afdelling Setro sebesar 84.158,840 ton dengan luas 702 ha.

Catechins are isolated from tea leaves and shown to have pharmacological activities. However, the permeability and absorption capacity of the digestive tract is low, thus affecting the value of bioavailability. Self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) is formulated as a breakthrough in nano delivery to increase the value of bioavailability and stability in a model of natural compounds, namely catechins. This study applies chemometrics to the simplex centroid design (SCD) to analyze the catechin-SNEDDS pre-optimization design. The factors defined include oleic acid, croduret 50-SS, and propylene glycol. Evaluation parameters include emulsification time, percent transmittance (%T), freeze-thaw, and endurance test. The results showed a formula that met the requirements at the time of emulsification, stability, and %T. There were four clusters of results from the principal component analysis - cluster analysis (PCA-CA) in the SCD formula. The evaluation between responses in the SCD optimization design is indicated to have a positive correlation. Analysis using multivariate chemometric can describe the characteristics of each formula and the response based on the parameters used, which refers to the similarity, grouping, and correlation of each formula and response. The PCA-CA technique can group formulas from SCD in similar clusters and provide important information regarding response patterns or correlations.

Latar belakang: Kulit yang tidak terjaga kesehatannya dapat menimbulkan berbagai penyakit kulit yang dapat mengganggu penampilan dan aktifitas. Gatal- gatal merupakan salah satu penyakit yang banyak diderita oleh masyarakat. Salah satu tanaman yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan obat-obatan herbal adalah lengkuas merah (Alpinia purpurata K. Schum). Rimpang lengkuas merah (Alpinia purpurat K. Schum) memiliki berbagai khasiat di antaranya sebagai antijamur dan antibakteri. Tujuan: Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui sifat fisik dan stabilitas bedak tabur dari ekstrak lengkuas merah (Alpinia purpurata K. Schum). Metode: Penelitian merupakan eksperimental laboratorium. Penelitian ini meliputi maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Karakterisasi dan analisa senyawa minyak atsiri dan flavonoid. Formulasi bedak dibuat dalam tiga formula yaitu formula 1 dengan 10 gram ekstrak lengkuas merah, formula 2 dengan 30 gram, dan formula 3 dengan 50 gram. Evaluasi uji sifat fisik dan stabilitas. Penelitian dilakukan selama ± 30 hari. Analisa data yang digunakan yaitu analisa ANOVA untuk data berdistribusi normal dan uji Kruskal Wallis untuk data berdistribusi tidak normal. Hasil: Dari hasil analisis uji Kruskal Wallis didapat nilai p=1,50 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa bedak tabur yang dibuat memiliki daya lekat yang tidak berbeda signifikan dari ketiga formula. hasil uji organoleptis sesuai literatur, uji stabilitas stabil dalam penyimpanannya, uji hedonik formula satu lebih disukai oleh responden. Kesimpulan: berdasarkan uraian diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa bedak tabur dari ekstrak lengkuas merah memiliki sifat fisik dan stabilitas yang baik.Kata kunci      : Bedak tabur, minyak atsiri, lengkuas merah (Alpinia purpurata K. Schum)