Refinements in laser technology have expanded methods to ablate urinary stones. Outcomes utilizing a dusting technique demonstrated acceptable RF and complication rates. However, not all stones are amenable to dusting, and further study is needed to define the optimal role of this technique during laser lithotripsy.

These results suggest that delayed graft function requiring any type of dialysis is associated with increased post-transplant peritonitis risk.

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completed the entire process in a single day, with the remaining URS (75%; 3/4) delayed due to personnel task assignments.CONCLUSIONS: The procedure required to decontaminate, prepare, package, and store a URS for use is complex, time consuming, and resource intensive. The steps must be performed in series and disruption to one step prevents availability of the equipment. Therefore, acquisition of multiple URS is required to maintain a safe and acceptable pipeline of equipment in a urologic practice treating upper tract calculi.

value (6.75) where the majority of UA is in the form of anionic urate which is very soluble.We observed the effects of varying UA concentration at these different times:-Initial pH was kept constant at 6.75.-pH was lowered to 5.0 -pH was increased back to its initial value after being reduced to 5.0 RESULTS: After 3 hours incubation at 37 C at varying UA concentration, no precipitation was observed when the pH was maintained at its initial value (6.75). When the pH was lowered to 5.0, the formation of UA crystals was observed after 3 minutes, this occurring faster with higher initial UA concentration.When the pH was increased back to its initial value (6.75) by the addition of potassium hydroxide, UA crystals dissolved, this occurring faster at lower UA concentration.CONCLUSIONS: Urinary acidity is the main factor in the UA crystallization compared the hyperuricosuria. Urinary alkalization is the cornerstone for prevention and treatment of uric stones.