Introduction. The article examines the problem of creating healthy learning environments for children and adolescents. The purpose of this research is to identify the characteristics of functional state of schoolchildren’s adaptation system in conditions of limited use of mobile communication devices. Materials and Methods. Data for this study were collected using a hygiene experiment. The sample consisted of 355 schoolchildren. The observation group (n=155) included students separated from their mobile communication devices. The control group consisted of 180 students. The study involved evaluating the functional state of the adaptive capacity of compensatory adaptive mechanisms using generally accepted R. M. Baevsky’s method, modified for the purposes of the research. The identified indicators were subjected to statistical processing. The authors employed the following methods of theoretical research: comparison, formalization, generalization and system analysis. Results. The authors provide an international overview of interventions aimed at reducing mobile phone use in educational settings. The relationship between the state of schoolchildren’s adaptation mechanisms within all age groups and indicators of the cardiovascular system in conditions of separation from mobile communication devices was studied. The authors focus on the values of schoolchildren’s adaptive capacity in conditions of free use of mobile phones during the school day compared to the values obtained in conditions of smartphone separation. The study reveals the correlation between the activity and sensitivity of vegetative regulation of heart rate and gender and age characteristics. Conclusions. The research findings confirm the effectiveness of the restrictions imposed on the use of personal mobile communication devices at comprehensive schools. The authors conclude that limited use of mobile communication devices prevents reducing adaptive capacity of the child's body, therefore it reduces the risk of fatigue and pathological changes.

Introduction: Extracurricular activities are an important tool of preparing children for a successful life, setting essential core values, and identifying professional preferences. Student participation in after-school educational programs determines the density of elements contributing to acquiring new skills, knowledge, and physical capabilities in their daily routine. Objective: To assess the coverage of schoolchildren with supplementary education and to give a hygienic assessment of their extracurricular activities. Materials and methods: We analyzed data of the Internet-based survey of over 46,000 schoolchildren from 64 regions of the Russian Federation conducted in January – March 2021 using a standard Excel package and Statistica 10. Results: We estimated a smaller coverage of schoolchildren of all age groups with after-school sports (33.1–43.0 %) than with other types of activities, including circles/sections and studios (39.4–62.6 %). We established that 35 % of the respondents did not participate in extracurricular activities at all, with the largest and smallest proportions of such students in grades 9–11 (45.5–47.3 %) and grades 3–5 (27.7%–28.4 %), respectively. On average, 17.6 % of the respondents reported having regular classes with a tutor; the proportion of children attending tutorials was higher among school graduates and tended to increase with school age from 7.5 to 46.2 %. The proportion of eleventh graders studying with tutors was 35.9 % higher than that attending sports clubs. It should be noted that 20.7 % of the respondents reported having no walk on school days, except walking to school and back home, and the share of such children increased with age. Conclusion: Our study revealed age-specific characteristics of extracurricular activities and leisure of schoolchildren, availability and demand for supplementary educational services, and demonstrated the lack of skills of effective after-school time planning in modern students.

It has been proven that against the background of overweight and obesity, the risk of systemic chronic diseases increases. The article presents the results of studying the characteristics of the indicators of the prevalence of health disorders in schoolchildren with normal and overweight and obesity in a comparative aspect. A survey was conducted of 2159 schoolchildren aged 7–17 years, including 1096 boys/boys and 1063 girls/girls from 6 schools in the Novosibirsk region. Data on chronic morbidity and pathological afflictions of children were copied according to the data of form N 026/y-2000, for respondents in grades 10–11 with overweight (n = 100 people), data on the length and weight of the body were copied in a longitudinal aspect with the purpose of identifying the age of formation of overweight and obesity in order to build a prospective forecast of the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren in grades 1–4 upon reaching the age of 16. Parametric statistical methods were used with the calculation of the mean (M) and standard error of the mean (±Se), as well as the methods of correlation and regression analyses. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. The revealed differences in the prevalence of chronic diseases in children with overweight and obesity and in children with normal body weight indicate the significant importance of overweight and obesity in the formation of diseases of the circulatory system, endocrine system, food allergies and flat feet. There were no statistically significant differences in the prevalence of chronic diseases of the digestive system, nervous system, visual impairment (p ≥ 0.05). The data obtained with the predicted prospect of an increase in overweight in primary school students indicate the need for continuous development and implementation of both collective and individual prevention measures aimed at minimizing the risks of developing concomitant diseases.