Lingkungan budaya dengan segala kompleksitasnya mampu memberikan sumbangan terhadap lahirnya mitos. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan fakta-fakta mitos, fungsi mitos, dan keterkaitan mitos dengan lingkungan budaya. Ekologi budaya dipilih sebagai pendekatan, karena masyarakat dan lingkungan budaya tidak dapat dipisahkan dari aspek penciptaan karya sastra. Adapun teori yang digunakan adalah strukturalisme Claude Levi-Strauss berupa miteme yaitu unsur-unsur terkecil dalam mitos. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis untuk mendeskripsikan mitos-mitos dalam novel dengan melibatkan lingkungan budaya. Data penelitian berupa sekuen cerita, kutipan satuan cerita berwujud kutipan langsung, dialog, dan monolog tentang mitos. Sumber data penelitian berasal dari novel Aroma Karsa karya Dewi Lestari. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi pustaka berupa membaca novel Aroma Karsa karya Dewi Lestari, dan ditunjang dengan buku dan sumber lain yang relevan dengan rumusan masalah. Analisis data dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi data, mengklasifikasikan data, menganalisis data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian yaitu mengungkapkan fakta-fakta mitos melalui rangkaian peristiwa, miteme yang menghadirkan Puspa Karsa sebagai tokoh sakral, kehidupan Puspa Karsa, dan benda-benda yang terungkap dalamnya. Kehadiran Puspa Karsa dan tokoh-tokoh mitologi lainnya memberikan fungsi tersendiri, salah satunya untuk memberikan pemahaman bahwa ada kekuatan lain yang hidup berdampingan dengan manusia. Lokasi taman Puspa Karsa memanfaatkan Lingkungan budaya masyarakat Jawa Tengah yang melahirkan beragam mitos, namun masih diyakini kebenarannya.

Not only work as complexity in real life, creation of literature also create, change, reorganize the reader’s ideology. The goal of this research is describing portrait of hegemony power and Java social structure era 1810 – 1824 that has been presented on novel titled Dasamuka, by Junaedi Setiyono. A sociological approach was chosen because literature cannot be separated from existence of society as topic object. This research is using hegemony Gramsci theory. Therefore, this research method using descriptive qualitative to describing portrait of hegemony by involving complexity social problems which is imaged on that novel, and describing Java’s social structure at 1810—1824  on that novel. The data is formed as story existed as quotation dialog and monolog abut hegemony power and social structure. The source of this data research is from novel. Based on research result, hegemony power goes on politic society andc civil society, both of them have their own concretization.  As for social structure that pictured on novel titled Dasamuka by Junaedi Setiyono occupied  by invaders/colonialism, nobleman, and low class people.

Negeri van Oranje by Wahyuningtyas and Diary Buruh Migran by Arsya Kirana is a literature work that shows the main character’s struggle in a foreign country. Based on both novel, this research is aim for (1) describing the nationalism of the main character on novel titled Negeri Van Oranje by Wahyuningtyas and novel titled  Diary Buruh Migran by Arsya Kirana, and also (2) describing the impact of the character of nationalism on other figures inside novel titled Negeri Van Oranje by Wahyuningtyas and novel titled Diary Buruh Migran by Arsya Kirana. This research using descriptive approach with qualitative type. Analysis result shows there is an existence five sub values of national characterism, pervade social care, hard work, high curiosity, care for living, and loves the motherland. One of them is care for living not founded on novel titled Diary Buruh Migran by Arsya Kirana, that’s create a primacy for novel titled Negeri van Oranje by Wahyuningtyas. Overall, character of nationalism has an impact on other characters in the story, which involve cognitive components, affective components, and conative components.