Purpose: the comparative analysis of the physical development and somatotype of girls and females involved in dancing and gymnastic sports (acrobatic rock and roll, sports aerobics) Material: The study involved 45 girls and females. Group 1 - acrobatic rock and roll (n = 25, age - 13.00 ± 0.41 years); Group 2 - sports aerobics (n = 20, age - 19.70 ± 0.59 years). It was determined the length and body weight. It was evaluated the level and harmony of physical development. The bioimpedance method was applied to determine the composition of muscle and fat tissue, the level of visceral fat. It was evaluated the body mass index, water composition in the body. The results are evaluated by applying parametric and non-parametric statistical indicators. Results: the average level of physical development dominates in athletes. Its specific gravity is: group 1 - (64.00 ± 9.60)%; group 2 - (50 ± 11.18)%. Rather high prevalence of the level below the average: group 1 - (20.00 ± 8.00)%; group 2 - (25.00 ± 9.68)%. The proportion of athletes with harmonious development was: group 1 - (64.00 ± 9.60)%; group 2 - (50.00 ± 11.18)%. The disharmony of physical development due to overweight: group 1 - (20.00 ± 8.00)%; group 2 - (30.00 ± 10.25)%. The disharmony of development due to underweight: group 1 - (16.00 ± 7.33)%; group 2 - (20.00 ± 8.94)%. The average values of fat tissue reflect its normal composition in both groups. In group 1, was determined the normal for the age fat composition in (52.00 ± 9.99)%; low level of fat had (48.00 ± 9.99)%. In group 2, the normal fat composition was found in (75.00 ± 9.68)%. The increased fat composition was (15.00 ± 7.98)% of female athletes. The reduced fat composition was (10.00 ± 7.61)% of female athletes. The level of visceral fat in athletes of group 2 was within the age norm. Female athletes of group 1 were characterized by virtually no visceral fat. The specific gravity of muscle tissue in all athletes was above the average for this age group. Group water composition in both groups was average. Conclusions: Most athletes have an average harmonious physical development. Deviations of physical development are most often associated with underweight. It is determined the increase in the composition of muscle mass above the average age standards for all female athletes. The composition of fat tissue in 52% of female athletes of the younger group corresponded to the average value. The rest of the athletes had a fat composition below normal. In the older group: 75% of athletes had an average fat composition; 15% of athletes had a reduced fat composition; 10% of athletes had a high fat composition. It was determined the significant differences between groups. The female athletes of group 1 had smaller values of body length, body weight, the specific gravity of fat tissue and visceral fat, body water composition, and body mass index. Females of group 1 had a big specific gravity of muscle tissue. The application of the bioimpedance method has significantly expanded the data obtained in the analysis of anthropometric indicators and indices. This method can be recommended for monitoring the functional condition of athletes dancing and gymnastic sports.
Purpose : Comparative analysis of the physical development features and somatotype of girls and women involved in fitness. Material : The experiment involved 95 girls and women, divided into 2 groups. Group 1 - 48 girls (36.04 ± 0.19) years, Group 2 - 47 women (43.26 ± 0.22) years, (p <0.01). Participants practiced fitness 2-3 times a week. The duration of the training was 60 minutes. It was determined the body mass and body length, wrist circumference, waist and hips circumferences. The TANITA BC 587 analyzer was applied to determine muscle and fat mass, the specific weight of fat tissue, water content, percentage of visceral fat, basal metabolism value, bone mass mineralization. It was calculated the body mass index and the waist-to-hip ratio. The results were evaluated applying the Student's t-test (t) and Rosenbaum (Q) and Wilcoxon - Mann - Whitney (U) criteria. Results : There were no significant differences in body length and body mass. The girls confirmed a less value of hip circumference (t = 2.04, p <0.05) and a tendency to less waist circumference (t = 1.97, p <0.1) in comparison with group 2. The participants of group 2 had a larger wrist circumference (U = 891, p <0.05). According to this parameter, persons with asthenic body type prevailed among participants. Their specific weight was (56.25 ± 7.16)% of group 1 and (53.19 ± 7.28)% of group 2. It was confirmed less absolute body fat content in group 1 (t = 2.09, p <0.05). All participants were characterized by larger muscle mass. There were no differences in this parameter between groups. It was determined the high concentration of specific weight of fat tissue in comparison with age standards. The content of visceral fat was within the age norm. Its content was higher in group 2 (Q = 18, p <0.01). The basal metabolic value was larger in group 2 (Q = 17, p <0.01). The values of bone mass mineralization reflect the correspondence to the body mass of the participants. This parameter did not have significant differences in the groups. The body mass index value in group 1 was within the average interval. In group 2, this index was higher than the standard one. The body mass index in group 1 was significantly lower (t = 2.18, p <0.05). The participants with a body mass index above the norm were (35.42 ± 6.90)% of group 1 and (59.57 ± 7.16)% of group 2. The prevalence of waist-to-hip ratio above the norm was (54.17 ± 7.19)% 1 group and (59.57 ± 7.17)% 2 group, (p> 0.05). Conclusions : it was determined the proximity of the main anthropometric parameters (mass and body length). The girls have lower values of the hip circumference. Persons with asthenic body type prevailed among the participants. Analysis of the indices confirmed the high prevalence of overweight and high risk of developing metabolic syndrome. The application of bio-impedance method confirmed and clarified the results of anthropometric research. The participants demonstrated the increased content of subcutaneous and visceral fat, increasing with age. The water level in the body gradually decreases with age. This is considered as a reflection of age-related physiological changes in metabolism and should be considered in fitness training organizing. Studies have confirmed the informativeness and adequacy of the bio-impedance method.
Аналіз змісту змагальних програм різних категорій спортсменів у акробатичному рок-н-ролі (спортивні пари та команди "формейшн") дає змогу визначити, що вся рухова діяльність відбувається в ускладнених, а часом екстремальних умовах з постійною зміною положень тіла у трьох площинах: сагітальній, фронтальній та горизонтальній. З огляду на це, можна сказати, що для раціональної побудови техніки рухових дій спортсмени постійно стикаються з необхідністю відновлювати та підтримувати рівновагу тіла, яка має тісну взаємодію із загальним рівнем рухової підготовленості [1; 2; 4; 10; 12]. На підставі аналізу літературних джерел ми можемо констатувати, що на даному етапі розвитку акробатичного рок-нролу занадто мало науково-методичної літератури, яка присвячена питанням цілеспрямованого та соразмірного розвитку здібностей спортсменів забезпечувати рівновагу тіла, як одного з визначальних чинників успішного опанування техніки рухів акробатичного рок-н-ролу. Цей факт знижує ефективність тренувального процесу спортсменів. Мета: розглянути шляхи вирішення питання вдосконалення рівноваги тіла спортсменів в акробатичному рок-н-ролі на етапі попередньої базової підготовки. Матеріал і методи: дослідження проводилось у м. Харкові на базі спортивно-танцювального клубу "Rapid". В експерименті прийняли участь 28 спортсменів 10-12 років. Спортсмени займаються акробатичним рок-н-ролом на етапі попередньої базової підготовки. Нами були обрані сучасні методи дослідження: теоретичний аналіз та узагальнення джерел науково-методичної та спеціальної літератури, педагогічні спостереження, педагогічне тестування, методи математичної статистики. Результати: у результаті впровадження розроблених комплексів вправ, що включають засоби гімнастики, акробатики та оздоровчого фітнесу одержано суттєвий приріст показників збереження рівноваги тіла спортсменами з акробатичного рок-н-ролу на етапі попередньої базової підготовки. Висновки: розроблена методика вдосконалення рівноваги тіла спортсменів в акробатичному рок-н-ролі на етапі попередньої базової підготовки довела свою ефективність. Відбулись достовірні зміни у всіх досліджуваних показниках спортсменів ЕГ при р<0,05; р<0,01. Розроблена методика має позитивний вплив на системи організму, які забезпечують рівновагу тіла. Експериментально доведено ефективність поєднання вправ акробатичного рок-н-ролу, гімнастики та оздоровчого фітнесу при підготовці спортсменів з акробатичного рок-н-ролу на етапі попередньої базової підготовки. Ключові слова: акробатичний рок-н-рол, рівновага тіла, етап попередньої базової підготовки.
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