Lumbar hernias are very infrequent posterior abdominal wall defects. They are usually located in the upper lumbar triangle and represent approximately 1.5-2% of all hernias of the abdominal wall. In fact, there are few cases described in the literature and most of the large hospital centers have published only 2 or 3 cases. This is a 34 year-old female, who suffered a car accident, in which bilateral femoral fracture and left humeral fracture, after recovery of said fractures has asymmetry of flanks with the appearance of volume increase in the left abdominal flank, computed tomography was performed evidencing left lower lumbar hernia (Petit's Hernia) so, it was protocolized for open lumbar hernia repair with placement of mesh by anterior approach, later one year later, it presented recurrent left lumbar hernia, therefore, a protocol and surgical procedure of open lumbar plasty was performed again with mesh placement by lumbotomy approach in 2016. After a year of the surgical procedure, a pelvic abdominal control CT scan was requested, where a proper prosthesis placement was observed without protruding tissues. This was the first case of recurrent post-traumatic Pettit hernia in this institution. There are few cases reported in the universal literature, the treatment was surgical when performing the diagnosis, either laparoscopically or openly with decision and according to the experience of the surgeon.

Acute appendicitis is the most frequent surgical procedure of general surgery during pregnancy, which occurs in 0.04 to 0.2% of all pregnancies; this represents 25% of non-obstetric operations performed during pregnancy. A 33-year-old female patient with a second-trimester pregnancy, which goes to the Emergency Department for abdominal pain, when performing the anamnesis and physical examination, the suggestive picture of acute appendicitis is integrated, for which additional laboratory and cabinet studies are carried out, according to the clinical suspicion it is decided to perform diagnostic laparoscopy and management according to findings; cecal erythematosus appendix is evident, so appendectomy is performed, finding proximal appendicolitis. Later with good evolution and satisfactory exit for the binomial. This procedure has been associated with shorter surgery times, shorter hospital stays and fewer complications compared to open surgery.

The exact incidence of round ligament varicosities (RLV) is uncertain, due to the fact that there are few cases reported in the literature, and in many cases, they can be confused with inguinal hernias. A 26-year-old female with 26.3 weeks of gestation by date of last menstruation, who went to the emergency service of the Naval Regional Hospital of Tampico with the presence of an increase in volume in the left inguinal region, accompanied by pain, which increased standing and decreasing with the dorsal decubitus, the physical examination confirmed an increase in volume at the left inguinal level. An ultrasound of the inguinal region was requested to rule out an inguinal hernia as the first diagnosis, Doppler ultrasound revealed RLV. The patient was treated conservatively and at two weeks after the resolution of the pregnancy, the RLV presented a spontaneous regression and her symptoms completely resolved. This is the first case of round ligament varicosities reported in present institution. It is important to be aware of this pathology, to perform extension studies (Doppler ultrasound) to avoid unnecessary surgery in pregnant women.