Due to the increasing energy demand and to help integrate renewable energy into the energy mix, large-scale energy storage has become essential. Among the different large-scale secondary battery technologies, zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted huge attention due to their lower cost, better safety, and environmental positivity. The aqueous electrolyte in ZIBs allows the batteries to be constructed under normal atmospheric conditions and substantially reduces the assembling complexity. However, due to its low working voltage, cathode materials are often restricted, and rectifying voltage is a crucial function. Increasing the cathode voltage necessitates an increase in the electrolyte's thermodynamic stability. Additionally, the process of zinc-ion storage should be studied in greater depth and new variants of characterization can be used to precisely

In the present research article we explore the synthesis method and adsorption capability of ZnFe oxides nanocomposites by using Pb as dopant. A conventional and simple batch adsorption method is selected and optimized. Pb@ZnFe2O4 NCs were fabricated by facile method i.e. co-precipitation method and characterized by FESEM, XRD, IR, EDX. The removal of dye has monitored by UV method.An outstanding result is obtained as adsorption efficiency of 1042 mg g−1 shows more significant performance than currently available bench-mark adsorbents. The optimized parameters pH 7.1, Adsorbent Mass: 50 mg, Initial Dye Concentration: 150 mg/l and Agitation Time: 90 min results in 96.49 % removal of CR (Congo red) dye. A CCD (central composite design) is applied to evaluate the role of adsorption variables. Based on its excellent performance, cost effectiveness, facile fabrication and large surface area, the Pb@ZnFe2O4 has considerable potential for the manufacture of cost effective and efficient adsorbents for environmental applications.

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Zn 0.3 Fe 0.45 O 3 bimetallic oxide nanoparticle (ZnFeBONp) was synthesized and characterized by FESEM, EDS, XRD, BET, TEM and FT-IR techniques with the aim of exploring its application for removing of Congo red dye from waste samples. The effects of pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and dye concentration on the removal of dye were investigated and optimized as pH 6.5, 40 min contact time, 0.2 g adsorbent dose for 20 ppm dye. Results indicated that the synthesized adsorbent could effectively remove high concentrations of dye in a short contact time. Isotherm modeling revealed that the Langmuir isotherm could better describe the adsorption of the dye on the ZnFeBONp as compared to other models. The q max up to 333.33 mg g −1 .The results showed that the adsorption system followed the Ho and McKay equations for the entire adsorption. Kinetics of Congo red adsorption on ZnFeBONp best fit with the pseudo-second-order model. Because of the high-specific surface area and nano-scale particle size, ZnFeBONp indicated favorable adsorption behavior for dye. Keywords ZnFeBONp · Isotherm modeling · Ho and McKay equations · Pseudo-second-order modelLiquid phase dye concentration at equilibrium (mg L −1 ) K s Equilibrium rate constant of pseudo-second-order adsorption (g mg