To investigate the association between GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) infection and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in H city, in the inshore area of the Yangtze River, where high prevalence of HCC has been reported, we determined hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) markers, GBV-C/HGV-RNA and GBV-C/HGV E2 antibody (anti-HG E2) among 114 HCC patients and the same number of age- and sex-matched controls. There were no significant differences in the clinical and demographic characteristics between them, except for serum alanine aminotransferase level and history of liver diseases. There was a significant difference of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence between the HCC patients (75.4%) and the controls (20.2%; P<0.01). Hepatitis C virus antibody was detected in 4.4% of the HCC patients, compared with 1.7% of the controls. GB virus-C/HGV-RNA and anti-HG E2 were detected in 14.9 and 1.7% of the HCC patients, respectively, compared with 7.0 and 1.7% of the controls, respectively. Nucleotide sequences and molecular evolutionary analysis showed the strains of GBV-C/HGV-RNA were classified into genotype 2 and 3 (HG and ASIA type). An effect analysis showed an odds ratio (OR) for developing HCC from GBV-C/HGV infection among HBsAg-positive subjects was 14.9, with a 95% CI of 4.9-45.4. HBsAg infection alone was 13.83 (95% CI 7.4-25.9) and GBV-C/HGV infection alone, 3.74 (95% CI 1.1-13.1), respectively. These data indicate that HBV infection is considered to be one of the major risk factors in patients with HCC and although GBV-C/HGV infection was observed in both the HCC and the control groups, it might not play an important role in the development of HCC in this area.

Ecostacking, maximising the benefts of ecosystem services, implies to combine in an additive or synergistic manner the beneficial services of functional biodiversity from all levels and types (Hokkanen and Menzler-Hokkanen, 2018). Historically, studies of biological control focused on interactions between different prey species and shared predators, or that among target prey and different predators (El-laithy et al., 2021; Hao et al., 2021). Amblyseuis swirskii was a predominant predator against small sap-sucking pests including whiteflies and thrips (Rahimi et al., 2022). In this study, we conducted a coordinated management strategies utilizing the phytoseiid mite A. swirskki, the predatory bug Eocanthecona furcellata and the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, to control the major pest insects of tobacco planting areas in Southwestern China, including Bemisia tabaci, Thrips tabaci, Spodoptera litura and Helicoverpa assulta.

"Each of China’s 55 different ethnic minorities has its unique diet and customs with special ethnic character and historical tradition in the content and form of “eating” and “drinking.” In the composition of the Chinese diet, the diet and customs of ethnic minorities are an essential part. Chinese food enjoys a worldwide reputation, directly related to the fact that people of all ethnic groups living in the same region can learn from each other in terms of diet and customs and learn from each other’s strengths to compensate for their weaknesses. It provides a good guarantee for improving the physical quality and health of all ethnic groups in China. The ethnic minorities have notable differences in the source and composition of food, processing and use of cooking utensils, cooking and eating customs, and etiquette. The dishes are rich and colorful, and the dietary concepts are in full bloom. The tastes and habits are various, and the customs and styles of hospitality are different. Keywords: Food culture; ethnic minorities; unique diet; diet and custom. "

No abstract