Objective. To study energy consumption and QoS optimization coverage mechanism in wireless sensor networks based on swarm sensing algorithm. Methods. The swarm sensor algorithm is reported to optimize the configuration of wireless sensor nodes, improve network service performance, and provide feedback on effective sensor placement. Results. Two WSN coverage optimization schemes were proposed in this essay. The first scheme applied drosophila intelligent algorithm to WSN coverage optimization, and the second scheme integrated particle swarm optimization algorithm and improved firefly algorithm to complement each other. Both schemes can achieve good results in practical application. Scheme one can increase the coverage rate by 6.36% compared with previous schemes, while scheme two can increase it by 6.48%. Both schemes are basically the same, so they can be applied in the optimization of WSN node deployment. Conclusion. As an optimization method, group perception algorithm is inspired by biology. Through the continuous enrichment and development of this algorithm, it has been effectively used in the coverage optimization of the wireless sensor networks.