A congenital peribronchial myofibroblastic tumor (CPMT) is a rare benign tumor arising from the lungs. Although CPMT is a benign tumor, it is characterized by rapid growth, and is easily misdiagnosed during the prenatal period when the symptoms are nonspecific. The authors present a rare case of CPMT in a premature infant, which was detected at 28 weeks on ultrasonography (US) but resolved at a later stage of pregnancy. The knowledge concerning the diagnosis and management of CPMT is reviewed. Herein, the authors report of a 30-minute-old premature newborn infant in whom a pulmonary mass was discovered 1 month before delivery. Maternal prenatal US demonstrated a 0.8 × 1 cm well-defined oval-shaped mass in the left hemithorax in the 28th week of gestational age. The pulmonary mass, however, was not apparent on repeat US examination at 32 weeks. The child was delivered by cesarean section at 34 weeks estimated gestational age. Chest radiography and computed tomography revealed a mass-like lesion in the left lower pulmonary lobe. The chest computed tomography characteristics of the tumor included large size (4 cm), an irregular margin, and surrounding ground-glass opacity, which led to misdiagnosis as a malignant tumor. The patient underwent a left inferior lung lobectomy and was pathologically diagnosed with CPMT. He is currently alive 12-month postresection with no evidence of disease recurrence.The authors report this rare case of CPMT, which was detected at 28 weeks and resolved at a later stage of pregnancy. Congenital peribronchial myofibroblastic tumor is an uncommon benign tumor. Lobectomy or pneumonectomy is often required. The prognosis after surgery is good.

This study indicated that the latissimus dorsi-free perforator flap or anterolateral thigh-free perforator flap was an ideal choice for the reconstruction of defects on the scalp and face.

Rationale:Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) associated congenital anomalies are present in about 25%. Congenital short esophagus (CSE) is a relatively rare condition. Both CDH and congenital intrathoracic stomach caused by CSE can be diagnosed in utero. However, CSE can be easily misdiagnosed in utero.Patient concerns:We present a case of left CDH with CSE in a female neonate who was diagnosed at 24 weeks gestational age by antenatal ultrasound.Diagnoses:The neonate with CDH and congenital intrathoracic stomach due to CSE was confirmed by operation. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GRED) occurred after operation.Interventions:The left diaphragm was repaired, and gastric fixation by gastropexy, gastric folding anti-reflux procedure and operation of longitudinal incision and transverse suture for pyloroplasty procedure was underwent. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GRED) occurred after operation and jejunal tube feeding was placed.Outcomes:This patient is currently alive 12 months post-operation with GRED.Lessons:To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of this rare type of CDH combined with congenital intrathoracic stomach caused by CSE. This condition could not be surgically repaired due to the extremely short esophagus. Early recognition of intrathoracic stomach associated with CSE is important as it is associated with difficult management and significant postnatal complications. The prognosis is cautiously guarded, and the parents should be appropriately counseled.